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Differentielle Heterochromatinfärbung und Darstellung von Schraubenbau sowie Subchromatiden an Pflanzlichen somatischen Chromosomen in der Meta- und Anaphase

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Zusammenfassung

An Wurzelspitzen vonAllium cepa undFritillaria imperialis lassen sich nach Fixierung in Alkohol-Eisessig, kurzfristiger Behandlung mit NaOH und nachfolgender saurer Hydrolyse heterochromatische Chromosomenabschnitte während des gesamten Kernzyklus und insbesondere in den mittleren Mitosestadien darstellen. Dabei wird beiA. cepa das gesamte, beiF. imperialis nur ein Teil des im Interphasekern vorhandenen Heterochromatins selektiv angefärbt. AnA. cepa kann gleichzeitig in den Meta- und Anaphasechromosomen deren Schraubenbau mit einer für somatische Mitosen ungewöhnlichen Deutlichkeit dargestellt werden, wobei stellenweise Subchromatiden getrennt zutage treten.

Summary

Selectively stained bands in chromosomes of the whole nuclear cycle can be obtained in alc.-ac. acid fixed root tips ofAllium cepa andFritillaria imperialis by a short timed NaOH treatment and subsequent hydrolysis in a mixture of 45% acetic acid and n-HCl (9∶:1) at 80 °C. InA. cepa the intensely stainded bands of meta- and anaphase chromosomes correspond to all the chromocentres present in the untreated interphase nuclei. The difference of compact distal and less dense proximal heterochromatin also is noticeable in the chromosomes of the middle mitotic stages. InF. imperialis only a small amount of the heterochromatin present in the untreated interphase nuclei is stained selectively, that is the four intercalary nucleolus-organizers of the diploid chromosome complement.

Using the same method in a slightly modificated way the coiled architecture of the meta- and anaphase chromosomes can be demonstrated in a noticeably marked manner. In Colchizine-treated root tips ofA. cepa the chromatids of late metaphase chromosomes at different points show as well a single coil of what appears to be one chromonematic thread as undoubtedly two spiralized subchromatids. Nevertheless, since definite segregation of the subchromatid coils has not been observed the mode of the spiralization (para- vs. plectonematic) is not fully clear.

The possible molecular basis of the different staining behaviour of euchromatin and special sorts of heterochromatin is discussed briefly and the availability of the described method in obtaining refined caryotypes by localization and discrimination of heterochromatin in mitotic and interphase nuclei is pointed out.

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  1. Johann Greilhuber

    Present address: Botanischen Institut der Universität Wien, Wien

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    1. Johann Greilhuber
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    Greilhuber, J. Differentielle Heterochromatinfärbung und Darstellung von Schraubenbau sowie Subchromatiden an Pflanzlichen somatischen Chromosomen in der Meta- und Anaphase. Österr bot Z 121, 1–11 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373360

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01373360

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