Summary
Selected stain cases are presented which highlight various problems associated with DNA investigations on stain materials, especially risks of artefacts. These cases involve stain materials (blood, semen) which were exposed to different external conditions so that the DNA was partially degraded and of variable quantity. One multi locus probe (MLP) and 4-6 single locus probes (SLP's) were used for individualisation but artefacts such as extra bands, band deficiencies or shifts only occurred with the MLP. In one case where only a few spermatozoa were present in the vaginal swab, DNA extraction was carried out without preferential lysis to avoid loss of sperm DNA. The resulting mixed band pattern could be clearly attributed to the bands from the corresponding blood samples after SLP hybridisation.
Zusammenfassung
Anhand ausgesuchter Spurenfälle wurden verschiedene Problembereiche, insbesondere Artefaktrisiken, bei DNA-Untersuchungen an Spurenmaterial behandelt. In den vorgestellten Fällen lagen Spurenmaterialien (Blut, Sperma) in deutlich verschiedener Quantität vor, die unterschiedlichen exogenen Bedingungen ausgesetzt und dementsprechend tw. degradiert waren. Die Individualisierungsnachweise erfolgten mit 4–6 Singlelocus-Sonden (SLS's) und mit einer Multilocus-Sonde (MLS). Artefakte, wie Zusatzbanden, Defizienzen oder „shifts” ergaben sich nur mit der MLS, so daß die SLS's, auch aufgrund ihrer erhöhten Sensitivität, der MLS vorzuziehen waren. Als methodische Alternative wurde in einem Fall mit nur wenig Spermien im Vaginalsekret bei der DNA-Extraktion auf eine preferentielle Lyse verzichtet, um DNA-Verluste zu vermeiden. Das Mischbandenmuster konnte mit SLS-Hybridisierung anhand der Vergleichsblutproben von Tatverdächtigem und Opfer zweifelsfrei zugeordnet werden. In allen vorgestellten Fällen führte die SLS-Anwendung zu eindeutig auswertbaren Ergebnissen, die MLS-Anwendung teilweise zu Interpretationsschwierigkeiten.
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Rand, S., Wiegand, P. & Brinkmann, B. Problems associated with the DNA analysis of stains. Int J Leg Med 104, 293–297 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01369589
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01369589