Prison health services: A utilization study

Abstract

A prospective study of health service utilization carried out in the Correctional Services of Canada (CSC), Pacific Region, is reported. Health service encounters occurring at the six Regional Institutions with on-site health care centers between May 29th and June 28th, 1984 were surveyed using a health clinic encounter form.

There were 7,449 encounters during the study period. The mean rate of encounters was 5.2 per inmate. Seventy-two percent of these encounters occurred at wickets, and 28% occurred at clinics. Physician visits occurred at a mean estimated annual rate of 6.7 visits per year. This is 2.4 times higher than the mean annual physician visit rate for non-institutionalized men in Canada. The reason for visits was new illness (57%), chronic illness (31%), injuries (5%), psychosocial problems (2%), and administrative (5%). The encounter rate per 100 inmates varied from 19.7 to 1,203.6 across the institutions studied. Overall 89% of all visits were seen by health service nurses, while 11% were seen by physicians.

Using ICHPPC-2 Defined, the ten most common complaints presented ot the health service were headache, sore throat, stomach complaint, other respiratory complaint, tension headache, limb pain, other/not codable, medical examination, back pain and upper respiratory tract infection. These ten complaints accounted for 4896 (59%) of the total complaints recorded.

The majority of visits took less than five minutes, were most often treated with medication, and did not require scheduled follow-up.

The 50 most frequent visitors, those making 25 or more visits during the study period, while only 3.5% of the study population, accounted for 25% of all encounters.