Summary
Plants not hosts for cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) may prevent systemic CaMV infection by interfering with dissemination of infection through the plant or by preventing viral replication and maturation. Leaf skeleton hybridization allows distinction between these two barriers. The technique assesses the spatial distribution of CaMV in an inoculated leaf by hybridization of a skeleton of the leaf with a CaMV DNA probe. Leaves or leaflets of soybean, cucumber, peanut, tomato, lettuce, spinach, pepper, onion, wheat, maize and barley, inoculated with CaMV DNA or CaMV virions were processed for leaf skeleton hybridization either immediately after inoculation or two weeks there-after. Autoradiographic images of soybean and cucumber skeletons had many dark spots suggesting that CaMV DNA replication and local spread had occurred. Images of onion leaf skeletons prepared two weeks after inoculation with CaMV DNA had fewer spots. To test whether these spots resulted from CaMV replication, DNA was extracted from inoculated onion leaves and analyzed by electrophoresis, blotting and hybridization. Molecules recovered two weeks after inoculation resembled those inoculated, indicating absence of replication. For the other species, we found no evidence of local spread of CaMV infections. Thus, many plant species resist systemic CaMV infection by preventing replication or local spread of CaMV, while others solely prevent systemic movement of infection.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atabekov JG, Taliansky ME (1990) Expression of a plant virus-coded transport function by different viral genomes. Adv Virus Res 38: 201–248
Broadbent L (1957) Investigations of virus diseases ofBrassica crops. Cambridge University Press, New York
Daubert S (1988) Sequence determinants of symptoms in the genomes of plant viruses, viroids, and satellites. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1: 317–325
Daubert S, Routh G (1990) Point mutations in cauliflower mosaic virus gene VI confer host-specific symptom changes. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 3: 341–345
Fraser RSS (1987) Genetics of plant resistance to viruses. In: Evered D, Harnett S (eds) Plant resistance to viruses. Wiley, New York, pp 6–15 (CIBA Foundation Symposia, vol 133)
Gardner CO Jr, Melcher U, Shockey MW, Essenberg RC (1980) Restriction enzyme cleavage maps of the DNA of two cauliflower mosaic virus isolates. Virology 103: 250–254
Gardner RC, Shepherd RJ (1980) A procedure for rapid isolation and analysis of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA. Virology 106: 159–161
Gracia O, Shepherd RJ (1985) Cauliflower mosaic virus in the nucleus ofNicotiana. Virology 146: 141–145
Howell SH, Walker LL, Dudley RK (1980) Cloned cauliflower mosaic virus DNA infects turnips (Brassica rapa). Science 208: 1265–1267
Hull R (1989) The movement of viruses in plants. Annu Rev Phytopathol 27: 213–240
Hull R, Shepherd RJ, Harvey JD (1976) Cauliflower mosaic virus: an improved purification procedure and some properties of the virus particles. J Gen Virol 31: 93–100
Hussain MM, Melcher U, Whittle T, Williams A, Brannan CM, Mitchell ED Jr (1987) Replication of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA in leaves and suspension culture protoplasts of cotton. Plant Physiol 83: 633–639
Loening UE (1969) The determination of the molecular weight of ribonucleic acid by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Biochem J 113: 131–138
Lung MCY, Pirone TP (1972) Datura stramonium, a local lesion host for certain isolates of cauliflower mosaic virus. Phytopathology 62: 1473–1474
Maule AJ (1983) Infection of protoplasts from severalBrassica species with cauliflower mosaic virus following inoculation using polyethylene glycol. J Gen Virol 64: 2655–2660
Melcher U, Gardner CO Jr, Essenberg RC (1981) Clones of cauliflower mosaic virus identified by molecular hybridization in turnip leaves. Plant Mol Biol 1: 63–73
Melcher U, Steffens DL, Lyttle DJ, Lebeurier G, Lin H, Choe IS, Essenberg RC (1986) Infectious and non-infectious mutants of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA. J Gen Virol 67: 1491–1498
Meshi T, Motoyoshi F, Maeda T, Yoshiwoka S, Watanabe H, Okada Y (1989) Mutations in the tobacco mosaic virus 30-kD protein gene overcomeTm-2 resistance in tomato. Plant Cell 1: 515–522
Odell JT, Knowlton S, Lin W, Mauvais CJ (1988) Properties of an isolated transcription stimulating sequence derived from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Plant Mol Biol 10: 263–272
Saunders K, Lucy AP, Covey SN (1990) Susceptibility ofBrassica species to cauliflower mosaic virus infection is related to a specific stage in the virus multiplication cycle. J Gen Virol 71: 1641–1647
Schoelz J, Shepherd RJ, Daubert S (1986) Region VI of cauliflower mosaic virus encodes a host range determinant. Mol Cell Biol 6: 2632–2637
Schoelz JE, Goldberg K-B, Kiernan J (1991) Expression of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) gene VI in transgenicNicotiana bigelovii complements a strain of CaMV defective in long-distance movement in nontransformedN. bigelovii. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 4: 350–355
Schoelz JE, Shepherd RJ (1988) Host range control of cauliflower mosaic virus. Virology 162: 30–37
Shewmaker CK, Caton JR, Houck CM, Gardner RC (1985) Transcription of cauliflower mosaic virus integrated into plant genomes. Virology 140: 281–288
Terada R, Shimamoto K (1990) Expression of CaMV35S-GUS gene in transgenic rice plants. Mol Gen Genet 220: 389–392
Tompkins CM (1937) A transmissible mosaic disease of cauliflower. J Agricult Res 55: 33–46
Walden RM, Howell SH (1982) Intergenomic recombination events among pairs of defective cauliflower mosaic virus genomes in plants. J Mol Appl Gen 1: 447–456
Walker JC, LeBeau FJ, Pound GS (1945) Viruses associated with cabbage mosaic. J Agricult Res 70: 379–404
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Melcher, U., Brannan, C.M., Gardner, C.O. et al. Diverse mechanisms of plant resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus revealed by leaf skeleton hybridization. Archives of Virology 123, 379–387 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317271
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317271