Skip to main content
Log in

Gelelectrophoretic analysis of phenol-extractable leaf proteins from different viroid/host combinations

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The phenol-soluble proteins from leaves of healthy and viroid-infected plants were compared after separation on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. After staining with Coomassie blue, alterations in the protein patterns of infected plants were found which resulted from an increase or decrease of certain protein bands. After infection with the same viroid, different hosts show characteristic changes in the protein pattern which suggest that these alterations are host-specific rather than pathogenspecific. After infection of tomato plants with different viroid “species” a protein with the apparent MW of 14,000 (p 14 tom) was found to accumulate dramatically. This protein also accumulates in tomato plants after viral and fungus infections and the rate of its accumulation is directly related to the severity of symptoms developed by the diseased plants. It is assumed, therefore, that it is a response of tomato plants to infection in general.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Antoniw, J. F., Ritter, C. E., Pierpoint, W. S., van Loon, L. C.: Comparison of three pathogenesis-related proteins from plants of two cultivars of tobacco infected with TMV. J. gen. Virol.47, 79–87 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bosch, F. X., Orlich, M., Klenk, H.-D., Rott, R.: The structure of the hemagglutinin, a determinant for the pathogenicity of influenza viruses. Virology95, 197–207 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bradford, M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analyt. Biochem.72, 248–254 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Camacho-Henriquez, A., Sänger, H. L.: Analysis of acid-extractable tomato leaf proteins after infection with a viroid, two viruses and a fungus and partial purification of the „pathogenesis-related“ protein p 14. Arch. Virol.74, 181–196 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Castillo, C. J., Hsiao, C. L., Coon, P., Black, L. W.: Identification and properties of bacteriophage T4 capsid-formation gene products. J. Molec. Biol.110, 585–601 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Conejero, V., Semancik, J. S.: Exocortis viroid: Alteration in the proteins of Gynura aurantiaca accompanying viroid infection. Virology77, 221–232 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Conejero, V., Picazo, I., Segado, P.: Citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) protein alterations in different hosts following viriod infection. Virology97, 454–456 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Davies, J. W., Kaesberg, P., Diener, T. O.: Potato spindle tuber viroid. XII. An investigation of viroid RNA as a messenger for protein synthesis. Virology61, 281–286 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Diener, T. O.: Viroids and viroid disease. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Flores, R., Chorboczek, J., Semancik, J. S.: Some properties of the CEV-P1 protein from citrus exocortis viroid-infected Gynura aurantiaca DC. Physiol. Plant Pathol.13, 193–201 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Grill, L. K., Negruk, V. I., Semancik, J. S.: Properties of the complementary RNA sequences associated with infection by the citrus exocortis viroid. Virology107, 24–33 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gross, H. J., Domdey, H., Lossow, C., Jank, P., Raba, M., Alberty, H., Sänger, H. L.: Nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of potato spindle tuber viroid. Nature273, 203–208 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gross, H. J., Krupp, G., Domdey, H., Raba, M., Jank, P., Lossow, C., Alberty, H., Ramm, K., Sänger, H. L.: Nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of citrus exocortis and chrysanthemum stunt viroid. Eur. J. Biochem.121, 249–257 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hall, T. C., Wepprich, R. K., Davies, J. W., Weathers, L. G., Semancik, J. S.: Functional distinctions between the ribonucleic acids from citrus exocortis viroid and plant viruses: cell-free translation and aminoacylation reactions. Virology61, 486–492 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Haseloff, J., Symons, R. H.: Chrysanthemum stunt viroid: primary and secondary structure. Nucleic Acids Research9, 2741–2752 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Laemmli, U.: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature227, 680–685 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Laemmli, U., Favre, M.: Maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4. I. DNA packing events. J. Mol. Biol.80, 575–599 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Maizel, J. V., jr.: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of viral proteins. In:Maramorosch, K., Koprowski, H. (eds.), Methods in Virology, Vol. V, 179–246 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Matthews, R. E. F.: Are viroids negative-strand viruses? Nature276, 850 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mühlbach, H.-P., Sänger, H. L.: Viroid replication is inhibited by alpha amanitin. Nature278, 185–188 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Rackwitz, H. R., Rohde, W., Sänger, H. L.: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of plant origin transcribed viroid RNA into full-length copies. Nature291, 297–301 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Riesner, D., Henco, C., Rokohl, U., Klotz, G., Kleinschmidt, A. K., Domdey, H., Jank, P., Gross, H. J., Sänger, H. L.: Structure and structure formation of viroids. J. Mol. Biol.133, 85–115 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rohde, W., Sänger, H. L.: Detection of complementary RNA intermediates of viroid replication by northern blot hybridization. Bioscience Reports1, 327–336 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sakai, R., Takebe, I.: A non-coat protein synthesized in tobacco mesophyl protoplasts infected by tobacco mosaic virus. Mol. gen. Genet.118, 93–96 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sänger, H. L.: An infectious and replicating RNA of low molecular weight. The agent of the exocortis disease of citrus. Adv. Biosci.8, 103–116 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sänger, H. L.: Structure and possible functions of viroids. In:Palese, P., Roizman, B. (eds.), Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Vol. 354, 251–278 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Semancik, J. S., Weathers, L. C.: Exoxortis disease: evidence for a new species of ‘infectious’ low molecular weight RNA in plants. Nature New Biology237, 242–244 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Semancik, J. S., Conejero, V., Gerhardt, J.: Citrus exocortis viroid: survey of protein synthesis in Xenopus laevis oocytes following addition of viroid RNA. Virology80, 218–221 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Singh, A., Sänger, H. L.: Chromatographic behaviour of the viroids of the exocortis disease of citrus and of the spindle tuber disease of potato. Phytopath. Zeitsch.87, 143–160 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Symons, R. H.: Avocado sunblotch viroid: primary sequence and proposed secondary structure. Nucl. Acids Res.8, 6527–6537 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Tas, P. W. L., Peters, D.: The occurence of a soluble protein (E1) in cucumber cotyledons infected with plant viruses. Netherland J. Plant Pathol.83, 5–12 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Zaitlin, M., Hariharasubramanian, V.: A gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins from plants infected with tobacco mosaic and potato tuber viruses. Virology47, 296–305 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

With 5 Figures

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Henriquez, A.C., Sänger, H.L. Gelelectrophoretic analysis of phenol-extractable leaf proteins from different viroid/host combinations. Archives of Virology 74, 167–180 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314710

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314710

Keywords

Navigation