Abstract
Phonon focusing in [001]-oriented Ge crystals has been studied at temperatures near 2.0K using electron-beam scanning for phonon generation and thin-film bolometers with an effective area of 10 μm×10 μm or smaller for phonon detection. The thickness of the Ge crystals was 2 or 3 mm. In our experiments the angular resolution appeared to be dominated by effective diameter of the local region heated by the beam and acting as phonon source. Whereas metallic overlay films did not appreciably effect the angular resolution, a distinct increase in resolution due to high-frequency beam modulation has been observed which can be understood in terms of the thermal skin effect. From a comparison between theoretical calculations and our experimental results the effective diameter of the phonon source has been found to be 20–30 μm. Our focusing images show appreciable deviations from theoretical calculations in the low-frequency limit. However, excellent agreement is obtained, if dispersion is included and if the dominant phonon frequencies are place in the range 300–400 GHz.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Huebener, R.P.: Rep. Prog. Phys.47, 175 (1984)
Huebener, R.P.: Advances in electronics and electron physics. Hawkes, P.W. (ed.), Vol. 70, p. 1. New York: Academic Press 1987
Huebener R.P., Metzger, W.: Scanning electron microscopy. Vol. II, p. 617. Chicago: SEM Inc. 1985
Northrop, G.A., Wolfe, J.P.: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Nonequilibrium Phonon Dynamics. Les Arcs, France, Bron, W.E. (ed.) New York: Plenum Press 1985
Hurley, D.C., Wolfe, J.P.: Phys. Rev.B,.32, 2568 (1985)
Eichele, R., Huebener, R.P., Seifert, H.: Z. Phys. B-Condensed Matter48, 89 (1982)
Metzger, W., Eichele R., Seifert, H., Huebener, R.P.: Phonon scattering in condensed matter. Eisenmenger, W., Lassmann, K., Döttinger, S. (eds.), p. 72. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1984
Metzger, W., Heubener R.P.: Phonon physics. Kollár, J., Kroó, N., Menyhárd, N., Siklós, T. (eds.), p. 959. Philadelphia: World Scientific 1985
Huebener, R.P., Held, E., Klein, W., Metzger, W.: Phonon scattering in condensed matter V. Anderson, A.C., Wolfe, J.P. (eds.), p. 305. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1986
Metzger, W.: Thesis, Universität Tübingen 1988: (unpublished)
Seifert, H.; Cryogenics22, 657 (1982)
Reimer, L.: Scanning electron microscopy. Berlin, Heidleberg, New York: Springer 1985
Northrop, G.A., Wolfe J.P.: Phys. Rev. B22, 6196 (1980)
Northrop, G.A.: Comp. Phys. Comm.28, 103 (1982)
Every, A.G., Koos, G.L., Wolfe, J.P.: Phys. Rev. B29, 2190 (1984)
Held, E.: Thesis Universität Tübingen 1985: (unpublished)
McSkimin, H.J., Andreatch, P.: J. Appl. Phys.34, 651 (1963)
Rösch, F., Weis, O.: Z. Phys. B-Condensed Matter27, 33 (1977)
Tamura, S.: Phys. Rev. B25 1415 (1982)
Tamura, S.: Phys. Rev. B28, 897 (1983)
Tamura, S., Harada, T.: Phys. Rev. B32, 5245 (1985)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Metzger, W., Huebener, R.P. Phonon focusing in [001] germanium. Z. Physik B - Condensed Matter 73, 33–42 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01312152
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01312152