Skip to main content
Log in

Cytoplasmic vesicles in germinating spores ofGilbertella persicaria

  • Published:
Protoplasma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Germ tube apices ofGilbertella persicaria contain cytoplasmic vesicles, similar to the secretory vesicles found at the tips of vegetative hyphae. The vesicles are present at all stages of development, from the time of germ tube initiation to the establishment of branched hyphae. In contrast to the abundant vesicles at tips of established hyphae, the germ tubes have only a few apical vesicles in a layer next to the plasma membrane. When germinated spores are treated by washing and centrifuging prior to fixation, the cytoplasm is often disrupted near the apex, and the clusters of apical vesicles disappear. The findings indicate the delicate nature of hyphal tips and the necessity of avoiding prefixation stresses in order to preserve the apical apparatus of growing hyphae.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akai, S., M. Fukutomi, andH. Kunoh, 1966: An observation on fine structure of conidia ofSphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lév. attacking leaves of roses. Mycopath. Mycolog. Applicata29, 211–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartnicki-Garcia, S., N. Nelson, andE. Cota-Robles, 1968 a: A novel apical corpuscle in the hyphae ofMucor rouxii. J. Bacteriol.95, 2399–2402.

    Google Scholar 

  • — — —, 1968 b: Electron microscopy of spore germination and cell wall formation inMucor rouxii. Arch. Mikrobiol.63, 242–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonnett, H. T., Jr., andE. H. Newcomb, 1966: Coated vesicles and other cytoplasmic components of growing root hairs of radish. Protoplasma62, 59–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bracker, C. E., 1967: Ultrastructure of fungi. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol.5, 343–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, 1968: The ultrastructure and development of sporangia inGilbertella persicaria. Mycologia60, 1016–1067.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, D. M., andG. C. Carroll, 1968: Fine-structural correlates of growth in hyphae ofAscodesmis sphaerospora. J. Bacteriol.95, 658–671.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, P. M., V. E. Sjaholm, andN. F. Sommer, 1966: Electron microscopy ofBotrytis cinerea conidia. J. Bacteriol.91, 2037–2044.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,N. F. Sommer, andT. T. Matsumoto, 1968: Ultrastructural details in germinating sporangiospores ofRhizopus stolonifer andRhizopus arrhizus. J. Bacteriol.95, 2365–2373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, E. E., J. M. Ogawa, andT. Shalla, 1960: Notes onGilbertella persicaria from California. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club87, 397–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conti, S. F., andH. B. Naylor, 1960: Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections ofSchizosaccharomyces octosporus. III. Ascosporogenesis, ascospore structure, and germination. J. Bacteriol.79, 417–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., S. Krien, andR. M. Brown, Jr., 1969: Simultaneous glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide fixation with postosmication. Histochemie19, 162–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girbardt, M., 1969: Die Ultrastruktur der Apikalregion von Pilzhyphen. Protoplasma67, 413–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove, S. N., 1971: Protoplasmic correlates of hyphal tip initiation and development in fungi. Ph. D. Thesis, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andC. E. Bracker, 1970: Protoplasmic organization of hyphal tips among fungi: Vesicles and Spitzenkörper. J. Bacteriol.104, 989–1009.

    Google Scholar 

  • — —, andD. J. Morré, 1968: Cytomembrane differentiation in the endoplasmic reticulum — Golgi apparatus — vesicle complex. Science161, 171–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • — — —, 1970: An ultrastructural basis for hyphal tip growth inPythium ultimum. Amer. J. Bot.57, 245–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, T., S. F. Conti, andH. B. Naylor, 1958: Fine structure of microorganisms. III. Electron microscopy of resting and germinating ascospores ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol.76, 406–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawker, L. E., 1966: Germination: morphological and anatomical changes, p. 151–161. In: The Fungus Spore (M. F. Madelin, ed.). London: Butterworth Sci. Publ.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andP. McV. Abbott, 1963: An electron microscopic study of maturation and germination of sporangiospores of two species ofRhizopus. J. gen. Microbiol.32, 295–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andR. J. Hendy, 1963: An electron-microscope study of germination of conidia ofBotrytis cinerea. J. gen. Microbiol.33, 43–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,B. Thomas, andA. Beckett, 1970: An electron microscope study of structure and germination of conidia ofCunninghamella elegans Lenduer. J. gen. Microbiol.60, 181–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heintz, C. E., and D. J.Niederpruem, 1971: Ultrastructure of quiescent and germinated basidiospores and oidia ofCoprinus lagopus. Mycologia63, in press.

  • Hemmes, D. E., andH. R. Hohl, 1969: Ultrastructural changes in directly germinating sporangia ofPhytophthora parasitica. Amer. J. Bot.56, 300–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesseltine, C. W., 1960:Gilbertella gen. nov. (Mucorales). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club87, 21–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyde, J. M., andC. H. Walkinshaw, 1966: Ultrastructure of basidiospores and mycelium ofLenzites saepiaria. J. Bacteriol.92, 1218–1227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karnovsky, M. J., 1965: A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.27, 137 A-138 A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, R. J., andA. S. Sussman, 1968: Ultrastructural changes during germination of ascospores ofNeurospora tetrasperma. J. gen. Microbiol.51, 403–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, W. K., D. Park, andP. M. Robinson, 1968: Apical organization in the somatic hyphae of fungi. J. gen. Microbiol.50, 177–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeen, W. E., 1970: Lipid inErysiphe graminis hordei and its possible role during germination. Canad. J. Microbiol.16, 1041–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manocha, M. S., andM. Shaw, 1967: Electron microscopy of uredospores ofMelampsora lini and of rust-infected flax. Canad. J. Bot.45, 1575–1582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchant, R., 1966: Fine structure and spore germination inFusarium culmorum. Ann. Bot.30, 441–445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matile, Ph., H. Moor, andC. F. Robinow, 1969: Yeast cytology, p. 219–302. In: The Yeasts. I. Biology of the Yeasts (A.H. Rose andJ. S. Harrison, eds.). London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, N. S., andW. E. McKeen, 1970: Light and electron microscope studies on the conidium and germ tube ofSphaerotheca macularis. Canad. J. Microbiol.16, 273–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moor, H., 1967: Endoplasmic reticulum as the initiator of bud formation in yeast (S. cerevisiae). Arch. Mikrobiol.57, 135–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morré, D. J., H. H. Mollenhauer, andC. E. Bracker, 1970: Origin and continuity of Golgi apparatus, p. 82–126. In: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. II. Origin and Continuity of Cell Organelles (T. Reinert andH. Ursprung, eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remsen, C. C., W. M. Hess, andM. M. A. Sassen, 1967: Fine structure of germinatingPenicillium megasporium conidia. Protoplasma64, 439–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, K. C., L. Jarett, andE. H. Finke, 1960: Embedding in epoxy resins for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy. Stain Technol.35, 313–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sievers, A., 1967: Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zur geotropischen Reaktion. II. Die polare Organisation des normal wachsenden Rhizoids vonChara foetida. Protoplasma64, 225–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitte, P., 1963: Zellfeinbau bei Plasmolyse. Protoplasma57, 304–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stocks, D. L., andW. M. Hess, 1970: Ultrastructure of dormant and germinated basidiospores of a species ofPsilocybe. Mycologia62, 176–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sussman, A. S., R. J. Lowry, T. L. Durkee, andR. Maheshwari, 1969: Ultrastructural studies of cold-dormant and germinating uredospores ofPuccinia graminis var.tritici. Canad. J. Bot.47, 2073–2078.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, K., 1966: Change in ultrastructure ofAspergillus oryzae conidia during germination. J. gen. appl. Microbiol.12, 239–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, andT. Yanagita, 1963: Electron microscopy on ultrathin sections ofAspergillus niger I. Fine structure of hyphal cells. J. gen. appl. Microbiol.9, 101–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Woude, W. J., D. J. Morré, andC. E. Bracker, 1971: Isolation and characterization of secretory vesicles in germinating pollen ofLilium longiflorum. J. Cell Sci.8, 331–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walkinshaw, C. H., J. M. Hyde, andJ. van Zandt, 1967: Fine structure of quiescent and germinating aeciospores ofCronartium fusiforme. J. Bacteriol.94, 245–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. G., andG. A. Ledingham, 1964: Fine structure of wheat stem rust uredospores. Canad. J. Bot.42, 1503–1508.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bracker, C.E. Cytoplasmic vesicles in germinating spores ofGilbertella persicaria . Protoplasma 72, 381–397 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01289510

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01289510

Keywords

Navigation