Summary
The distribution of F-actin in the phragmoplast/cell plate complex of formaldehyde-fixedAllium root cells was visualized with rhodaminephalloidin (RP). Increased RP fluorescence appears in late anaphase in a broad zone between separating chromosomes. The fluorescence is mostly amorphous in appearance and does not resemble the distinct actin fibers seen in interphase cells. The actin becomes more concentrated near the midplane by telophase and takes the form of a relatively bright layer of fluorescence adjacent to the forming cell plate. This distribution differs markedly from that of phragmoplast microtubules (MTs) which extend back from the plate toward the daughter nuclei. F-actin continues to accumulate in new parts of the expanding phragmoplast, while RP fluorescence gradually decreases near older portions of the plate. It disappears completely near the new wall in most interphase cells. Treatment of root tips with cytochalasin B or D before fixation markedly reduces RP fluorescence, but phragmoplast MTs remain. Colchicine or oryzalin treatment leads to the disappearance of both phragmoplast actin and MTs. The possible function of actin in the phragmoplast/cell plate complex is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CB:
-
cytochalasin B
- CD:
-
cytochalasin D
- CIPC:
-
isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl-)carbamate
- DIC:
-
differential interference contrast
- MT:
-
microtubule
- PBS:
-
phosphate buffered saline
- PM:
-
plasmalemma
- RP:
-
rhodamine-phalloidin
References
Bennett V (1985) The membrane skeleton of human erythrocytes and its implications for more complex cells. Ann Rev Biochem 54: 273–304
Bonsignore CL, Hepler PK (1985) Caffeine inhibition of cytokinesis: dynamics of cell plate formation-deformationin vivo. Protoplasma 129: 28–35
Clayton L, Lloyd CW (1985) Actin organization during the cell cycle in meristematic plant cells. Exp Cell Res 156: 231–238
DeMey J, Lambert A-M, Bajer AS, Moeremans J, DeBrabander M (1982) Visualization of microtubules in interphase and mitotic plant cells ofHaemanthus endosperm with the immuno-gold staining method. Proc Natl Acad Sci 79: 1898–1902
Derksen J, Traas JA, Oostendorp T (1986) Distribution of actin filaments in differentiating cells ofEquisteum hymenale root tips. Plant Sci 43: 77–81
Gunning BES (1982) The cytokinetic apparatus: its development and spatial regulation. In:Lloyd CW (ed) The cytoskeleton in plant growth and development. Academic Press, London, pp 229–299
—,Wick SM (1985) Preprophase bands, phragmoplasts and spatial control of cytokinesis. J Cell Sci [Suppl] 2: 157–179
Hepler PK, Jackson WT (1968) Microtubules and early stages of cell-plate formation in the endosperms ofHaemanthus katherinae Baker. J Cell Biol 38: 437–446
Hoch HC, Howard RJ (1980) Ultrastructure of freeze-substituted hyphae of the basidiomyceteLeatisaria arvalis. Protoplasma 103: 281–297
—,Staples RC (1983) Visualization of actinin situ by rhodamineconjugated phalloin in the fungusUromyces phaseoli. Eur J Cell Biol 32: 52–58
Lim S-S, Hering GE, Borisy GG (1986) Widespread occurrence of anti-troponin T cross-reactive components in non-muscle cells. J Cell Sci 85: 1–19
Marks J, Hyams JS (1985) Localization of F-actin through the cell division cycle ofSchizosaccharomyces pombe. Eur J Cell Biol 39: 27–32
Menzel D, Schliwa M (1986) Motility in the siphonaceous green alga,Bryopsis. II. Chloroplast movement requires organized arrays of both microtubules and actin filaments. Eur J Cell Biol 40: 286–295
Palevitz BA (1980) Comparative effects of phalloidin and cytochalasin B on motility and morphogenesis inAllium. Can J Bot 58: 773–785
— (1987) Actin in the preprophase band ofAllium cepa. J Cell Biol 104: 1515–1519.
Palevitz BA (1988) Cytochalasin-induced reorganization of actin inAllium root cells. Cell Motil Cytoskel (in press)
—,Hepler PK (1974 a) The control of the plane of division during stomatal differentiation inAllium. I. Spindle reorientation. Chromosoma 46: 297–326
— — (1974 b) The control of the plane of division during stomatal differentiation inAllium. II. Drug studies. Chromosoma 46: 327–341
Parke J, Miller C, Anderton BH (1986) Higher plant myosin heavy-chain identified using a monoclonal antibody. Eur J Cell Biol 41: 9–13
Parthasarathy MV, Perdue TD, Witztum A, Alvernaz J (1985) Actin network as a normal component of the cytoskeleton in many vascular plant cells. Am J Bot 72: 1318–1323
Paul DC, Goff CW (1973) Comparative effects of caffeine, its analogues and calcium deficiency on cytokinesis. Exp Cell Res 78: 399–413
Schmit A-C, Lambert A-M (1985) F-actin dynamics is associated to microtubule function during cytokinesis in higher plants. A revised concept. In:DeBrabander M, DeMey J (eds) Microtubules and microtubule inhibitors. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 243–252
Wick SM, Duniec J (1983) Immunofluorescence microscopy of tubulin and microtubule arrays in plant cells. I. Preprophase band development and concommitant appearance of nuclear envelopeassociated tubulin. J Cell Biol 97: 235–243
—,Muto S, Duniec J (1985) Double labeling of calmodulin and tubulin in dividing plant cells. Protoplasma 126: 198–206
—,Seagull RW, Osborn M, Weber K, Gunning BES (1981) Immunofluorescence microscopy of organized microtubule arrays in structurally stabilized meristematic plant cells. J Cell Biol 89: 685–690
Wolniak SM, Hepler PK, Jackson WT (1980) Detection of membrane-calcium distribution during mitosis inHaemanthus endosperm with chlorotetracycline. J Cell Biol 87: 23–32
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Palevitz, B.A. Accumulation of F-actin during cytokinesis inAllium. Correlation with microtubule distribution and the effects of drugs. Protoplasma 141, 24–32 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276785
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01276785