Skip to main content
Log in

The effect of porphyrin precursors on monosynaptic reflex activity in the isolated hemisected frog spinal cord

  • Published:
Journal of Neural Transmission Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The porphyrin precursorsδ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) which accumulate, and are excreted in the urine in increased amounts during acute attacks of porphyria, were tested for their effects on reflex activity in the isolated hemisected spinal cords ofXenopus laevis. The two compounds were found to exert an inhibitory effect on monosynaptic ventral root responses, as well as on dorsal root responses (DRR) and dorsal root potentials (DRP). The latent period for inhibition of the monosynaptic response was longer than that for the DRR and DRP. The sensitivity of the preparations to the effect of the porphyrin precursors was subject to some seasonal variation.δ-ALA and PBG did not effect conduction in isolated sciatic nerves at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Balcar, V.J., andG. A. R. Johnson: High affinity uptake of transmitters: Studies on the uptake of L-aspartate, GABA, L-glutamate and glycine in cat spinal cord. J. Neurochem.20, 529–539 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D. M.: Ph. D. Thesis. Porphyrin precursors and their relationship to some aspects of membrane function, pp. 113–140. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D. M., J. D. Viljoen, andS. Kramer: The inhibition of red cell and brain ATPase byδ-aminolevulinic acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta225, 26–34 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D. M., J. D. Viljoen, andS. Kramer:δ-Aminolevulinic acid uptake by slices of rabbit brain cerebral cortex. J. Neurochem. (in press).

  • Biempica, L., N. Kosower, andA. Novikoff: Cytochemical and ultrastructural changes in rat liver in experimental porphyria. Lab. Invest.17, 171–189 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. A. H.: The pathology of South African genetic porphyria. S. Afr. J. Lab. Clin. Med.9, 197–203 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavanagh, J. B., andR. S. Mellick: On the nature of peripheral nerve lesions associated with acute intermittent porphyria. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat.28, 320–327 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerf, J. A., andG. Carels: Multiple sclerosis: serum factor producing reversible alterations in bioelectric responses. Science152, 1066–1068 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R.: Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies (Jasper et al., ed.), p. 105. Boston: Little Brown. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, D. R., andJ. C. Watkins: The excitation and depression of spinal neurons by structurely related amino acids. J. Neurochem.6, 117–141 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidoff, R. A., R. P. Shank, L. T. Graham, M. H. Aprison, andR. Werman: Is Glycine a Neurotransmitter? Nature214, 680–681 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidoff, R. A.: Gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonism and presynaptic inhibition in the frog spinal cord. Science175, 331–333 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • De Matteis, F.: Les Maladies du Metabolisme des porphrines 2c Colloque International de Biologie de Saclay (1962).

  • Denny-Brown, D., andD. Sciarra: Changes in nervous system in acute porphyria. Brain68, 1–16 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Drury, R. A. B.: A nerve biopsy in acute intermittent porphyria. J. Path. Bact.71, 511 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eales, L., E. B. Dowdle, andG. D. Sweeney: The acute porphyric attack. 1. The electrolyte disorder of the acute porphyric attack and the possible role of delta-aminolaevulinic acid. S. Afr. Med. J.17, 89–97 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. C., andJ. L. Malcolm: Dorsal root potentials of spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol.9, 139–160 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, D. S., R. D. Levere, andJ. S. Lieberman: Neuromuscular effects of the porphyrin precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid. J. Clin. Invest.47, 33 A (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, D. S., R. D. Levere, J. S. Lieberman, R. A. Cardinal, andC. J. Watson: Presynaptic neuromuscular inhibition by porphobilinogen and porphobilin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.68, 383–386 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. B., andA. Goldberg: The neuropathology of acute porphyria. J. Path. Bact.71, 495–509 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, A., W. D. M. Paton, andJ. W. C. Thompson: Pharmacology of the porphyrins and porphobilinogen. Brit. J. Pharmacol.9, 91–94 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holemans, K. C., H. S. Meij, andB. J. Meyer: The existence of a monosynaptic reflex are in the spinal cord of the frog. Exp. Neurol.14, 175–186 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holemans, K. C., H. S. Meij, B. J. Meyer, andJ. M. Loots: The use of the South African frog (Xenopus laevis) in the study of spinal reflex physiology. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res.34, 619–631 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Holemans, K. C., andH. S. Meij: An analysis of some inhibitory mechanisms in the spinal cord of the frog (Xenopus laevis). Pflueger Arch.303, 289–310 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson, L. C., R. Douglas, andL. Eales: Inhibition of sodium and water transport byδ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). S. Afr. Med. J.45, 97–99 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarret, A., C. Rimington, andD. A. Willoughby:δ-Aminolaevulinic acid and Porphyria. Lancet1, 125–127 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, E. R., andD. Gardner: The synaptic action mediated by the different branches of a single neuron. Res. Publ., A.R.N.M.D.50, 91 to 146 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosower, N. S., andR. A. Rock: Seizures in experimental porphyria. Nature (London)217, 565–567 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loots, J. M., andH. S. Meij: Monosynaptic testing of synaptic efficiency and motoneurone excitability. S. Afr. Med. J.46, 203–207 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, R. L., L. Wetterberg, A. Yuwiler, andW. D. Winters: Electroencephalographie and behavioral effects of experimental porphyria in the rat. Electroencephalog. and Clin. Neurophys.29, 602–607 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, V. R., C. Courville, andE. Ziskind: Porphyrias in human disease. Medicine (Baltimore)12, 355–439 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • McGillion, F. B., M. R. Moore, andA. Goldberg: The effect ofδ-aminolevulinic acid on the spontaneous activity of mice. Scot. Med. J.18, 133 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • Otsuka, M.: The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue (Bourne, G. H., ed.), pp. 249–289, Vol. IV. New York: Academic Press. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanley, B. C., J. J. F. Taljaard, W. M. Deppe, andS. M. Joubert: Deltaaminolaevulinic acid in acute porphyria. S. Afr. Med. J.46, 84 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney, V. P., M. A. Pathak, andA. K. Asbury: Acute intermittent porphyria. Increased ALA-synthetase activity during an acute attack. Brain93, 369–380 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taddeini, L., andC. J. Watson: The Clinical Porphyrias. Seminars in Haematology5, 335–369 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tebecis, A. K., andJ. W. Phillis: Experiments in Physiology and Biochemistry (Kerkut, G. A., ed.). New York: Academic Press. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschudy, D. P.: Acute intermittent Porphyria. Seminars in Haematology5, 370–379 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuwiler, A., L. Wetterberg, andE. Geller: Tryptophan pyrolase: Tryptophan and tyrosine transaminase changes during allylisopropylacetamide-induced porphyria in the rat. Biochem. Pharmacol.19, 189 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Loots, J.M., Becker, D.M., Meyer, B.J. et al. The effect of porphyrin precursors on monosynaptic reflex activity in the isolated hemisected frog spinal cord. J. Neural Transmission 36, 71–81 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243439

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01243439

Keywords

Navigation