Abstract
To facilitate the application of luminol chemiluminescence in analysis, several approaches are investigated to provide the reagents in immobilized or solid-state format. The approaches are demonstrated with flow injection systems. Luminol is covalently bound or adsorbed to the surface of small support particles and packed into flow-through reactor/detector cells. The catalyst can be either covalently immobilized heme-containing species or a positively-biased electrode in an electrochemical cell. Peroxide can be obtained electrochemically at a negatively-biased electrode. These immobilized reagent systems can be combined to yield single-channel flow systems for determination of hydrogen peroxide (0.15μM detection limit) or luminol (0.1 nM detection limit).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. R. Seitz, D. M. Hercules, in:Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence (M. J. Cormier, D. M. Hercules, J. Lee, eds.), Plenum, New York, 1973, pp. 427–449.
H. A. Neufeld, J. Conklin, R. D. Towner,Anal. Biochem. 1965,12, 303.
A. MacDonald, T. A. Nieman,Anal Chem. 1985,57, 936.
P. J. Koerner, Jr., T. A. Nieman,Mikrochim. Acta [Wien] 1987,II, 79.
T. M. Freeman, W. R. Seitz,Anal Chem. 1978,50, 1242.
W. R. Seitz, in:Methods of Enzymology, Vol. 57 (M. A. DeLuca, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 445–462.
C. A. (Koerner) Swindlehurst, T. A. Nieman,Anal. Chim. Acta 1988,205, 195.
L. J. Kricka, T. J. N. Carter, in:Clinical and Biochemical Luminescence (L. J. Kricka, T. J. N. Carter, eds.), Dekker, New York, 1982, pp. 153–178.
T. Kawasaki, M. Maeda, A. Tsuji,J. Chromat. 1985,328, 869.
L. D. Bowers,Anal. Chem. 1986,58, 513A.
D. E. Leyden, G. H. Luttrell,Anal Chem. 1975,47, 1612.
M. A. Marshall, H. A. Mottola,Anal. Chem. 1985,57, 729.
R. W. Frei, H. Jansen, U. A. Th. Brinkman,Anal. Chem. 1985,57, 1529A.
K.-H. Xie, S. Colgan, I. S. Krull,J. Liq. Chromat. 1983,6, 125.
J. R. Poulsen, J. W. Birks, P. Van Zoonen, C. Gooijer, N. H. Veithorst, R. W. Frei,Chromatographia 1986,21, 587.
G. Gübitz, P. van Zoonen, C. Gooijer, N. H. Velthorst, R. W. Frei,Anal. Chem. 1985,57, 2071.
K. Hool, T. A. Nieman,Anal. Chem. 1987,59, 869.
K. Hool, T. A. Nieman,Anal. Chim. Acta (in press).
D. A. Van Dyke, T. A. Nieman,Anal. Chem. (in press).
K. Hool,PhD Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA, 1988.
K. Hool, T. A. Nieman,Anal. Chem. 1988,60, 834.
B. Epstein, T. Kuwana,J. Electroanal. Chem. 1967,16, 389.
K. E. Haapakka, J. J. Kankare,Anal. Chim. Acta 1982,138, 263.
T. S. Tsai,Clin. Chem. 1985,31, 1248.
S. Igarashi, W. L. Hinze,Anal. Chem. 1988,60, 446.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nieman, T.A. Immobilized and solid-state reagent systems for luminol chemiluminescence in flow systems. Mikrochim Acta 96, 239–247 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01236108
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01236108