Abstract
An X-linked clone encoding exons 4–9 of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene was isolated from a kangaroo (Macropus robustus: Marsupialia) λEMBL4 genomic library. Sequence similarity between the kangaroo and eutherian HPRT coding sequences was high; however, intron sizes varied significantly between the kangaroo and other eutherian species. HpaII and HhaI sites in the body of the gene were generally hypermethylated in vivo on the active, relative to the inactive X, with sites within intron 3 showing essentially complete correspondence of activity with methylation and inactivity with unmethylation. At approximately 5 kb downstream from the gene, a switch to unmethylation of active X-linked sites occurred. This switch occurred within a cluster of HpaII and HhaI sites that may represent a CG island associated with a subsequent gene.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Grant, S.G., and Chapman, V.M. (1988).Annu. Rev. Genet.,22199–233.
Lyon, M.F. (1988).Am. J. Hum. Genet. 428–16.
Cooper, D.W., Johnston, P.G., VandeBerg, J.L., and Robinson, E.S. (1990) InMammals from Pouches and Eggs: Genetics, Breeding and Evolution of Marsupials and Monotremes, (eds.) Graves, J.A.M., Hope, R.M. and Cooper, D.W. (CSIRO, Melbourne), pp. 269–299.
Wake, N., Takagi, N., and Sasaki, M. (1976).Nature 262580–581.
West, J.D., Frels, W.D., Chapman, V.M., and Papioannou, V.E. (1977).Cell 12873–882.
Harrison, K.B. (1989).Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 5237–41.
VandeBerg, J.L., Johnston, P.G., Cooper, D.W., and Robinson, E.S. (1983).Isozymes, Curr. Topics Biol. Med. Res. 9201–218.
Migeon, B.R., Wolf, S.F., Axelman, J., Kaslow, D.C., and Schmidt, M. (1985).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 823390–3394.
Lock, L.F., Melton, D.W., Caskey, C.T., and Martin, G.R. (1986).Mol. Cell. Biol. 6914–924.
Toniolo, D., Martini, G., Migeon, B.R., and Dono, R. (1988).EMBO J. 7401–406.
Keith, D.H., Singer-Sam, J., and Riggs, A.D. (1986).Mol. Cell Biol. 64122–4125.
Wolf, S.F., Jolly, D.J., Lunnen, K.D., Friedmann, T., and Migeon, B.R. (1984).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 812806–2810.
Yen, P.H., Patel, P., Chinault, A.C., Mohandas, T., and Shapiro, L.J. (1984).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 811759–1763.
Pfeifer, G.P., Steigerwald, S.D., Hansen, R.S., Gartler, S.M., and Riggs, A.D. (1990).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 878252–8256.
Kaslow, D.C., and Migeon, B.R. (1987).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 846210–6214.
Ruta Cullen, C. Hubberman, P., Kaslow, D.C., and Migeon, B.R. (1986).EMBO J. 52223–2229.
Mullins, L.J., Veres, G., Caskey, C.T., and Chapman, V. (1987).Mol. Cell Biol. 73916–3922.
Wareham, K.A., Lyon, M.F., Glenister, P.H., and Williams, E.D. (1987).Nature 327725–727.
Lock, L.F., Takagi, N., and Martin, G.R. (1987).Cell 4839–46.
Bartlett, M.H., Adra, C.N., Park, J., Chapman, V.M., and McBurney, M.W. (1991).Somat. Cell Mol. Genet 1735–47.
Singer-Sam, J., Grant, M., LeBon, J.M., Okuyama, K., Chapman, V., Monk, M., and Riggs, A.D. (1990).Mol. Cell Biol. 104987–4989.
Kaslow, D.C., Migeon, B.R., Persico, M.G., Zollo, M., VandeBerg, J.L., and Samollow, P.B. (1987).Genomics 119–28.
Benton, W.D., and Davis, R.W. (1977).Science 196180–182.
Feinberg, A.P., and Vogelstein, B. (1983).Anal. Biochem. 1326–13.
Konecki, D.S., Brennand, J., Fuscoe, J.C., Caskey, C.T., and Chinault, A.C. (1982).Nucleic Acids Res. 106763–6775.
Maniatis, T., Fritzch, E.F., and Sambrook, J. (1982).Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York).
Nilsson, B., Uhlen, M., Josephson, S., Gatenbeck, S., and Philipson, L. (1983).Nucleic Acids Res. 118019–8030.
Dawson, G.W., and Graves, J.A. (1984).Chromosoma 9120–27.
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A.R. (1977).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 745463–5467.
Kunkel, L.M., Smith, K.D., Boyer, S.H., Borgaonkar, D.S., Wachtel, S.S., Miller, O.J., Breg, W.R., Jones, H.W., and Rary, J.M. (1977).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 741245–1249.
Rodger, J.C., and Pollitt, C.C. (1981).Biol. Reprod. 241125–1134.
Edwards, A., Voss, H., Rice, P., Civitello, A., Stegemann, J., Schwager, C., Zimmerman, J., Erfle, H., Caskey, C.T., and Ansorge, W. (1990).Genomics 6593–608.
Melton, D.W., Konecki, D.S., Brennand, J., and Caskey, C.T. (1984).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 812147–2151.
Mount, S.M. (1982).Nucleic Acids Res. 10459–472.
Lindsay, S., Monk, M., Holliday, R., Huschtscha, L., Davies, K., Riggs, A.D., and Flavell, R.A. (1985).Ann. Hum. Genet. 49115–127.
Mondello, C., Goodfellow, P.J., and Goodfellow, P.N. (1988).Nucleic Acids Res. 166813–6824.
Driscoll, D.J., and Migeon, B.R. (1990).Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 16267–282.
Kratzer, P.G., Chapman, V.M., Lambert, H., Evans, R.E., and Liskay, R.M. (1983).Cell 3337–42.
Venolia, L., Gartler, S.M., Wassman, E.R., Yen, P., Mohandas, T., and Shapiro, L.J. (1982).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 792352–2354.
Eissenberg, J.C., and Elgin, S.C.R. (1991).Trends Genet. 7335–339.
Goldman, M.A. (1988).BioEssays 950–55.
Riggs, A.D. (1990).Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 326285–297.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The sequence data in this paper have been submitted to the Genbank Data library under the accession numbers M77 683; M77 684; M77 685; M77 686.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Piper, A.A., Bennett, A.M., Noyce, L. et al. Isolation of a clone partially encoding hill kangaroo X-linked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase: Sex differences in methylation in the body of the gene. Somat Cell Mol Genet 19, 141–159 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01233530
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01233530