Skip to main content
Log in

Model independent assertions for integration of heterogeneous schemas

  • Published:
The VLDB Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to the proliferation of database applications, the integration of existing databases into a distributed or federated system is one of the major challenges in responding to enterprises' information requirements. Some proposed integration techniques aim at providing database administrators (DBAs) with a view definition language they can use to build the desired integrated schema. These techniques leave to the DBA the responsibility of appropriately restructuring schema elements from existing local schemas and of solving inter-schema conflicts. This paper investigates theassertion-based approach, in which the DBA's action is limited to pointing out corresponding elements in the schemas and to defining the nature of the correspondence in between. This methodology is capable of: ensuring better integration by taking into account additional semantic information (assertions about links); automatically solving structural conflicts; building the integrated schema without requiring conforming of initial schemas; applying integration rules to a variety of data models; and performing view as well as database integration. This paper presents the basic ideas underlying our approach and focuses on resolution of structural conflicts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Batini, C., Lenzerini, M. A methodology for data schema integration in the entityrelationship model,IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, 10:650–664, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batini, C., Lenzerini, M., and Navathe, S.B. A comparative analysis of methodologies for database schema integration,ACM Computing Surveys, 15:323–363, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertino, E. Integration of heterogeneous data repositories by using object-oriented views,First International Workshop on Interoperability in Multidatabase Systems, Kyoto, 1991.

  • Biskup, J., Convent, B. A formal view integration method,ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Washington, 1986.

  • Bouzeghoub, M., Comyn-Wattiau, I. View integration by semantic unification and transformation of data structures,Ninth International Conference on Entity-Relationship Approach, Lausanne, 1990.

  • Carey, M., DeWitt, D. and Vandenberg, S. A data model and query language for EXODUS,ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Chicago, 1988.

  • Civelek, F., Dogac, A., and Spaccapietra, S. An expert system approach to view definition and integration,Seventh International Conference on Entity-Relationship Approach, Rome, 1988.

  • Czejdo, B., Taylor, M. Integration of database systems using an object-oriented approach,First International Workshop on Interoperability in Multidatabase Systems, Kyoto, 1991.

  • Deen, S., Amin, R., and Taylor, M. Data integration in distributed databases,IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, 13:860–864, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeMichiel, L. Resolving database incompatibility: An approach to performing relational operations over mismatched domains,IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1:485–493, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demurjian, S. and Hsiao, D. Towards a better understanding of data models through the multilingual database system,IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, 14:946–958, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diet, J. and Lochovsky, F. Interactive specification and integration of user views using forms,Eighth International Conference on Entity-Relationship Approach, Toronto, 1989.

  • Elmasri, R. and Wiederhold, G. Data model integration using the structural model,ACM-SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Boston, 1979.

  • Elmasri, R., Weeldreyer, J., and Hevner, A. The category concept: an extension to the entity-relationship model,Data and Knowledge Engineering, 1:75–116, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fankhauser, P., Litwin, W., Neuhold, E., and Schreff, M. Global view definition and multidatabase languages-Two approaches to database integration. In: Speth, R., ed.Research into Networks and Distributed Applications, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988, pp. 1069–1082.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrier, A. and Stangret, C. Heterogeneity in the distributed database management system SIRIUS-DELTA,Eighth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Mexico City, 1982.

  • Hayne, S. and Ram. S. Multi-User view integration system (MUVIS): An expert system for view integration,IEEE Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, 1990.

  • Hwang, H. and Dayal, U. View definition and generalization for database integration in a multibase system,IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, 10:628–645, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jardine, D. and Yazid, S. Integration of information submodels. In: Falkenberg, E.D. and Lindgreen, P., eds.Information Systems Concepts: An In-Depth Analysis, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989, pp. 247–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kambayashi, Y., Rusinkiewicz, M., and Sheth, A.First International Workshop on Interoperability in Multidatabase Systems, Kyoto, 1991.

  • Kaul, M., Drosten, K., and Neuhold, E. ViewSystem: integrating heterogeneous information bases by object-oriented views,IEEE Sixth International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, 1990.

  • Kent, W. Solving domain mismatch and schema mismatch problems with an objectoriented database programming language,Seventeenth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Barcelona, 1991.

  • Kim, W. Research directions for integrating heterogeneous databases,Workshop on Heterogeneous Database Systems, Chicago, 1989.

  • Landers, T. and Rosenberg, R. An overview of multibase. In: Schneider, H.-J., ed.Distributed Data Bases, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1982, 153–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, J., Navathe, S., and Elmrasri, R. A theory of attribute equivalence in databases with application to schema integration,IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 15:449–463, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litwin, W. MALPHA: A relational multidatabase manipulation language,IEEE First International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, 1984.

  • Litwin, W., Mark, L., and Roussopoulos, N. Interoperability of multiple autonomous databases,ACM Computing Surveys, 22:267–293, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mannino, M. and Effelsberg, W. Matching techniques in global schema design,IEEE First International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, 1984.

  • Motro, A. Superviews: Virtual integration of multiple databases,IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, 13:785–798, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motro, A. and Buneman, P. Constructing superviews,ACM-SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Ann Arbor, 1981.

  • Navathe, S. and Gadgil, S. A methodology for view integration in logical database design,Eighth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Mexico City, 1982.

  • Navathe, S., Elmrasi, R., and Larson, J. Integrating user views in database design,IEEE Computer, 19:50–62, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parent, C. and Spaccapietra, S. An algebra for a general entity-relationship model,IEEE Transactions On Software Engineering, 11:634–643, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parent, C. and Spaccapietra, S. ERC+: an object based entity-relationship approach. In: Loucopoulos, P. and Zicari, R., eds.Conceptual Modelling, Databases and CASE: An Integrated View of Information Systems Development, London: John Wiley, 1992, to appear.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schek, H.-J. and Scholl, M. The relational model with relation-valued attributes,Information Systems, 11:137–147, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheth, A., Larson, J., Cornelio, A., and Navathe, S. A tool for integrating conceptual schemas and user views,IEEE Fourth International Conference on Data Engineering, Los Angeles, 1988.

  • Sheth, A. and Gala, S. Attribute relationships: An impediment in automating schema integration,Workshop on Heterogeneous Database Systems, Chicago, 1989.

  • Sheth, A. and Larson, J. Federated database systems for managing distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous databases,ACM Computing Surveys, 22:183–236, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, M. and Madnick, S. Schema integration using metadata,Workshop on Heterogeneous Database Systems, Chicago, 1989.

  • Siegel, M. and Madnick, S. A metadata approach to resolving semantic conflicts,Seventeenth International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Barcelona, 1991.

  • de Souza, J. SIS-A schema integration system,Fifth British National Conference on Databases, Canterbury, England, 1986.

  • Spaccapietra, S., Demo, S., DiLeva, A., Parent, C., Celis, C., and Belfar, K. An approach to effective heterogeneous database cooperation. In: van de Riet, R. and Litwin, W., eds.Distributed Data Sharing Systems, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1982, pp. 209–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spaccapietra, S. and Parent, C. View integration: a step forward in solving structural conflicts,IEEE Transactions on Data and Knowledge Engineering, due to appear October 1992.

  • Stocker, P., Atkinson, M., Gray, P., Gray, W., Oxborrow, E., Shave, M., and Johnson, R. Proteus: A heterogeneous distributed data-base project. In: Gray, P. and Atkinson, M., eds.Databases: Role and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, 125–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Templeton, M., Brill, D., Chen, A., Dao, S., Lund, E., McGregor, R., and Ward, P. Mermaid: A front end to distributed heterogeneous databases,Proceedings of the IEEE, 75:695–708, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Spaccapietra, S., Parent, C. & Dupont, Y. Model independent assertions for integration of heterogeneous schemas. VLDB Journal 1, 81–126 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01228708

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01228708

Key Words

Navigation