Summary
Chick embroys were exposed during their 52 first hours of development to 100-Hz magnetic fields. Sinusoidal, square and pulsed waveforms were used at average field strengths from 0.1 A/m to 80 A/m. After exposure, the embryos were examined for abnormalities and classified by the developmental stages. When bipolar oscillations (oscillating at both sides of the zero-level) were used, the percentage of abnormal embryos was significantly increased above 1 A/m. In exposure to unipolar square waves, no significant effect on the percentage of abnormalities could be demonstrated. The developmental stage was possibly affected by unipolar square waves at 0.1 A/m, all other field strengths and wave-forms being apparently ineffective.
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Juutilainen, J., Harri, M., Saali, K. et al. Effects of 100-Hz magnetic fields with various waveforms on the development of chick embryos. Radiat Environ Biophys 25, 65–74 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01209686
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01209686