Abstract
Cattle have been vaccinated againstBoophilus microplus with antigens derived from partially fed female ticks. The immune response of the host lyses the gut cells of adult ticks, causing a reduction in the number, weight and reproductive capacity of engorging ticks. This response is different from the immunity that cattle acquire after repeated tick infestation. Evidence is presented that the antigens used in vaccination are located on the plasma membrane of the gut cells and it is unlikely that these antigens are secreted into the host during feeding. Vaccination using such ‘concealed’ antigens may not encounter the mechanisms of immune evasion that parasites usually demonstrate.
In-vitro assays suggest that vaccination immunity is not dependent on the need to stimulate cell-mediated responses. Immunoglobulin G alone, or with the aid of complement, is enough to damage tick gut.
The normal function of the one protein antigen isolated so far is unknown but we speculate that it serves some vital function on the cell plasma membrane.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agbede, R.I.S. and Kemp, D.H., 1986. Immunisation of cattle againstBoophilus microplus using extracts derived from adult female ticks: histopathology of ticks feeding on vaccinated cattle. Int. J. Parasitol., 16: 35–41.
Alger, N.E. and Cabrera, E.J., 1972. An increase in death rate ofAnopheles stephensi fed on rabbits immunized with mosquito antigen. J. Econ. Entomol., 65: 165–168.
Allen, J.R. and Humphreys, S.J., 1979. Immunisation of guinea pigs and cattle against ticks. Nature (London), 280: 491–493.
Balashov, Y.S., 1972. Bloodsucking ticks (Ixodoidea). Vectors of diseases of man and animals. Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Am., 8: 161–376.
Binnington, K.C., 1978. Sequential changes in salivary gland structure during attachment and feeding of the cattle tick,Boophilus microplus. Int. J. Parasitol., 8: 97–115.
Binnington, K.C. and Obenchain, F.D., 1982. Structure and function of the circulatory, nervous and neuroendocrine system of ticks. In: F.D. Obenchain and R. Galun (Editors), Physiology of Ticks. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 351–398.
Cobon, G.S., Rand, K., Moore, T., Sriskantha, A., Spring, K. and Willadsen, P., 1988. Cloning and expression of gene coding for a protective antigen from the cattle tickBoophilus microplus. Proc. Conf. Vaccines 88, 6–9 November 1988, Lorne, Australia, p. G67.
Eggenberger, L.R., Lamoreaux, W.J. and Coons, L.B., 1988. Hemocytic encapsulation inDermacentor variabilis (Say). Proc. XVIII International Congress of Entomology, 3–9 July 1988, Vancouver, Canada. Abstract, p. 136.
Galun, R., 1978. Research into alternative arthropod control measures against livestock pests (Part 1). In: K.C. Thompson (Editor), Proc. 1975 Workshop on the Ecology and Control of External Parasites of Economic Importance on Bovines in Latin America. CIAT, Colombia, pp. 155–161.
Goudswaard, J., van der Donk, J.A., Noordzij, A., van Dam, R.H. and Vaerman, J.-P., 1978. Protein A reactivity of various mammalian immunoglobulins. Scand. J. Immunol., 8: 21–28.
Gupta, A.P., 1986. Cellular elements in the haemolymph. In: G.A. Kerkut and L.I. Gilbert (Editors), Comprehensive Insect Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 401–451.
Haff, L.A. and Easterday, R.L., 1978. Sephacryl gels: Physical properties and evaluation of performance in gel filtration. J. Liquid Chromatogr., 1: 811–832.
Johnston, L.A.Y., Kemp, D.H. and Pearson, R.D., 1986. Immunisation of cattle againstBoophilus microplus using extracts derived from adult female ticks: effects of induced immunity on tick populations. Int. J. Parasitol., 16: 27–34.
Kaufman, S.E., Kaufman, W.R. and Phillips, J.E., 1982. Mechanism and characteristics of coxal fluid excretion in the argasid tickOrnithodorus moubata. J. Exp. Biol., 98: 343–352.
Kemp, D.H., Agbede, R.I.S., Johnston, L.A.Y. and Gough, J.M., 1986. Immunisation of cattle againstBoophilus microplus using extracts derived from adult female ticks: Feeding and survival of the parasite on vaccinated cattle. Int. J. Parasitol., 16: 115–120.
Kerlin, R.L. and Watson, D.L., 1987. Effect of dextran sulphate on IgG subclass of antibody in efferent popliteal lymph of sheep. Immunol. Cell Biol., 65: 411–417.
MacDonald, R.S., Surgeoner, A.G., Solomon, K.R. and Harris, C.R., 1983. Effect of four spray regimes on the development of permethrin and dichlorvos resistance in the laboratory, by the housefly (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 76: 417–422.
Nolan, J. and Schnitzerling, H.J., 1986. Drug resistance in arthropod parasites. In: W.C. Campbell and R.S. Rew (Editors), Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 603–620.
Ribeiro, J.M.C., 1989. Role of saliva in tick/host interactions. Exp. Appl. Acarol., 7: 15–20.
Schlein, Y. and Lewis, C.T., 1976. Lesions in haematophagous flies after feeding on rabbits immunized with fly tissues. Physiol. Entomol., 1: 55–59.
Slot, J.W. and Geuze, H.J., 1985. A new method of preparing gold probes for multiple-labelling cytochemistry. Europ. J. Cell Biol., 38: 87–93.
Tatchell, R.J. and Moorhouse, D.E., 1968. The feeding processes of the cattle tickBoophilus microplus (Canestrini). II. The sequence of host-tissue changes. Parasitology, 58: 441–459.
Walladde, S.M., Kemp, D.H. and Rice, M.J., 1079. Feeding electrograms and fluid uptake measurement of cattle tickBoophilus microplus attached on artificial membranes. Int. J. Parasitol., 9: 89–95.
Wharton, R.H., 1976. Tick-borne livestock diseases and their vectors. 5. Acaricide resistance and alternative methods of tick control. World Anim. Rev., 20: 8–15.
Willadsen, P., 1987. Immunological approaches to the control of ticks. Int. J. Parasitol., 17: 671–677.
Willadsen, P., Kemp, D.H. and RcKenna, R.V., 1984. Bloodmeal ingestion and utilization as a component of host specificity in the tickBoophilus microplus. Z. Parasitenkd., 70: 415–420.
Willadsen, P., McKenna, R.V. and Riding, G.A., 1988a. Isolation from the cattle tick,Boophilus microplus, of antigenic material capable of eliciting a protective response in the bovine host. Int. J. Parasitol., 18: 183–189.
Willadsen, P., Riding, G.A., McKenna, R.V., Kemp, D.H. and Cobon, G.A., 1988b. Isolation of a protective antigen fromBoophilus microplus. Proc. Conf. Vaccines '88, 6–9 November 1988, Lorne, Australia, p. G67.
Willadsen, P. and Kemp, D.H., 1988. Vaccination with ‘concealed’ antigens for tick control. Parasitol. Today, 4: 196–198.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kemp, D.H., Pearson, R.D., Gough, J.M. et al. Vaccination againstBoophilus microplus: Localization of antigens on tick gut cells and their interaction with the host immune system. Exp Appl Acarol 7, 43–58 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01200452
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01200452