Skip to main content
Log in

Role of saliva in tick/host interactions

  • Published:
Experimental & Applied Acarology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although several hosts mount efficient anti-tick immunity, natural tick/host associations are characterized by inefficient or non-existent anti-tick immunity. The absence of efficient anti-tick immunity in natural hosts could result from either host immune incompetence or the ectoparasite's successful evasion of the host's immune response. In this review I discuss data supporting the immune-evasion hypothesis and discuss its consequences to tick/host interactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, J.R., Tick resistance: basophil in skin reaction of resistant guinea pigs. Int. J. Parasitol., 3: 195–200.

  • Askenase, P.W., 1977. Role of basophils, mast cells and vasoamines in hypersensitivity reactions with a delayed time course. Progr. Allergy, 23: 199–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Bach, M.K., 1982. Mediators of anaphylaxis and inflammation. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 36: 371–413.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brossard, M., 1982. Rabbits infested with adultIxodes ricinus L. Effect of mepyramine on aquired resistance. Experientia 38: 702–704.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S.J. and Askenase, P.W., 1985. Rejection of ticks from guinea pigs by antihapten-antibody-mediated degranulation of basophils at cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity sites: Role of mediators other than histamine. J. Immunol., 134: 1160–1165.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S.J., Galli, S.J., Gleish, G.J. and Askenase, P.W., 1982. Ablation of immunity toAmblyomma americanum by anti-basophil serum: Cooperation between basophils and eosinophils in expression of immunity to ectoparasites (ticks) in guinea pigs. J. Immunol., 129: 790–796.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chinery, W.A. and Ayitey-Smith, E., 1977. Histamine blocking agent in the salivary gland homogenate of the tickRipicephalus sanguineus sanguineus. Nature, 265: 366–367.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda, H., Fukui, K. Kiso, Y. and Kitamura, Y., 1985. Inability of genetically mast-cell deficient W/W mice to acquire resistance against larvalHaemaphysalis longicornis ticks. J. Parasitol., 71: 443–448.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda, H., Nakano, T., Kiso, Y. and Kitamura, Y., 1987. Normalization of anti-tick responses of mast cell-deficient W/W mice by intra-cutaneous injection of cultured mast cells. J. Parasitol., 73: 155–160.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.M.C., 1982. The antiserotonin and antihistamine activities of salivary secretion ofRhodnius prolixus. J. Insect Physiol., 28: 69–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.M.C., 1987a. Role of saliva in blood-feeding by arthropods. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 32: 463–478.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.M.C., 1987b.Ixodes dammini: Salivary anti-complement activity. Exp. Parasitol., 64: 347–353.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.M.C. and Spielman, A., 1986.Ixodes dammini: Salivary anaphylatoxin inactivating activity. Exp. Parasitol., 62: 292–297.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.M.C., Makoul, G., Levine, J., Robinson, D. and Spielman, A., 1985. Antihemostatic, antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of the saliva of a tick,Ixodes dammini. J. Exp. Med., 161: 332–344.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spielman, A., Wilson, M.L., Levine, J.F., and Piesman, J., 1985. Ecology ofIxodes dammini borne human babesiosis and Lyme disease. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 30: 439–460.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tatchell, R.J. and Moorhouse, D.E., 1968. The feeding processes of the cattle tickBoophilus microplus (Canestrini). Part II. The sequence of tissue changes. Parasitology, 58: 441–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trager, W., 1939. Acquired immunity to ticks. J. Parasitol., 25: 57–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wikel, S.K., 1982. Histamine content of tick attachment sites and the effects of H1 and H2 histamine antagonists on the expression of resistance. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 76: 627–632.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wikel, S.K. and Allen, J.R., 1977. Acquired resistance to ticks. III. Cobra venom factor and the resistance response. Immunology, 32: 457–465.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wikel, S.K. and Allen, J.R., 1982. Immunological basis of host resistance to ticks. In: F.D. Obenchain and R. Galun (Editors), Physiology of Ticks, Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 169–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willadsen, P., Wood, G.M. and Riding, G.A., 1979. The relation between skin histamine concentration, histamine sensitivity, and the resistance of cattle to the tickBoophilus microplus. Z. Parasitenkd., 59: 87–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, T.J. and Peck, M.J., 1977. Role of prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation in inflammation. Nature, 270: 530–532.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Supported by grants AI-18694-0481 from the National Institutes of Health and DAMD-17-87-C-7110 from the United States Army.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ribeiro, J.M.C. Role of saliva in tick/host interactions. Exp Appl Acarol 7, 15–20 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01200449

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01200449

Keywords

Navigation