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Influence of dispersal from almonds on the population dynamics and acaricide resistance frequencies of spider mites infesting neighboring cotton

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Abstract

Neighboring almond and cotton fields were sampled for spider mites in four locations in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The dominant species in the almonds wasTetranychus pacificus McGregor. In three cotton sites.T. pacificus was present in significantly higher densities near the almonds on at least one sampling date. In contrast.T. urticae Koch andT. turkestani Ugarov & Nikolski were equally abundant across the cotton fields. Almonds appeared to act as a continuous early-season source ofT. pacificus for cotton, with peaks in aerial dispersal from almonds occurring due to overcrowding, plant water stress, and applications of repellent acaricides. Cotton, which experienced little water stress, supported very high densities of spider mites and so acted primarily as a sink for spider-mite dispersal from almonds and other field crops throughout the growth-season. The frequencies of resistance expressed byT. pacificus andT. urticae were similar between neighboring crops, even if the acaricide had been registered for use only in almonds (cyhexatin) or cotton (dicofol). Thus, longterm acaricide selection and movement of spider mites between the two crops resulted in similar proportions of resistant individuals. In these study sites, large-scale dispersal ofT. pacificus from almonds rarely directly affected acaricide efficacy in cotton, because resistance frequencies were similar for spider mites from the two crops and because acaricide applications were usually made in cotton after dispersal from almonds was completed. In two cotton sites, field selection with dicofol was reversed by subsequent immigration of spider mites from neighboring field crops.

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Author notes

  1. Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell

    Present address: Kearney Agricultural Center, University of California, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave., 93648, Parlier, CA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA

    Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell, Jeffrey Granett & Sherita M. Normington

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  1. Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell
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  2. Jeffrey Granett
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  3. Sherita M. Normington
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Grafton-Cardwell, E.E., Granett, J. & Normington, S.M. Influence of dispersal from almonds on the population dynamics and acaricide resistance frequencies of spider mites infesting neighboring cotton. Exp Appl Acarol 10, 187–212 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01198650

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