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Platinum-group minerals from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

Minerale der Platin-Gruppe aus denn Troodos-Ophiolith, Zypern

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Summary

Platinum-group minerals have been identified in chromitites from the Troodos ophiolitic complex of Cyprus. The host chromitites occur as podiform bodies within the basal harzburgite of the ophiolite, as occasional discontinuous layers in the dunites at the base of the overlying cumulate sequence and rarely as minor schlieren in clinopyroxene dunites at higher levels. Podiform chromitites are generally highly deformed and frequently brecciated while those from the cumulate sequence are well-preserved and display cumulate textures. Chromite grains from bodies at all levels host a broad and mineralogically complex assemblage of inclusions including silicates, platinum-group minerals, base metal sulphides and fluid inclusions, all of which have been studied in detail. The platinum-group minerals (PGM) and base metal sulphides (BMS), which are described here, are modally much less abundant than the silicate inclusions and generally small in size (< 50 µm). PGM comprise sulphides and alloys and are dominated by laurite (RuS2). Other sulphides are Ru-poor. Alloys include iridosmine, osmian ruthenium and Ru-Fe alloys. Two generations of PGM are believed to be present, the first having been trapped during chromite formation, the second (including most of the alloys) having been formed during serpentinization. The base metal sulphides include common small Ni-Fe sulphides, sometimes associated with silicate inclusions, and larger Cu-rich inclusions, some of which are almost pure chalcopyrite. The origin of the latter is of genetic significance.

Zusammenfassung

Minerale der Platin-Gruppe wurden in verschiedenen Chromititen des Troodos Ophiolithes, Zypern, nachgewiesen. Die Chromitite kommen als podiforme Körper in den basalen Harzburgiten, als gelegentlich unregelmäßige Lagen in den Duniten an der Basis der Kumulat-Abfolge, und selten als Schlieren in den Klinopyroxen-Duniten in höheren Bereichen vor. Podiforme Chromitite sind im allgemeinen intensiv deformiert und häufig brekziiert, während jene aus der Kumulat-Abfolge gut erhalten sind und Kumulat-Texturen zeigen. In Chromiten aus allen Niveaus des Ophiolithes kommt eine umfangreiche, und mineralogisch komplexe Assoziation von Einschlüssen vor; diese umfassen Silikate, Platingruppen-Minerale, Buntmetallsulfide und FlüssigkeitsEinschlüsse. Die Platingruppen-Minerale (PGM) und Buntmetallsulfide (BMS) die hier beschrieben werden, sind modal weniger verbreitet als die Silikateinschlüsse, und sind meist sehr feinkörnig ( < 50 µm). Die PGM umfassen Sulfide, einerseits dominiert von Laurit (RuS2), aber auch Ruthenium-arme Sulfide, und Legierungen, bestehend aus Iridosmin, Osmium-führendes Ruthenium und Ruthenium-Eisenlegierungen. Die PGM können zwei Generationen zugeordnet werden. Die erste wurde während der Bildung der Chromite eingeschlossen, die zweite (und hierzu gehören die meisten Legierungen) wurden während der Serpentinisierung gebildet. Die Buntmetallsulfide unfassen die bekannten Nickel-Eisen-Sulfide, die manchmal mit Silikateinschlüssen vergesellschaftet sind, und größere Kupfer-reiche Einschlüsse, die zum Teil reiner Kupferkies sind. Die Entstehung dieser Einschlüsse ist von Bedeutung für die Genese.

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McElduff, B., Stumpfl, E.F. Platinum-group minerals from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. Mineralogy and Petrology 42, 211–232 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01162692

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