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Fibre-matrix adhesion and its relationship to composite mechanical properties

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Abstract

Two major areas of enquiry exist in the field of fibre-matrix adhesion in composite materials. One is the fundamental role that fibre-matrix adhesion plays on composite mechanical properties. The other is what is the “best” method used to measure fibre-matrix adhesion in composite materials. Results of an attempt to provide an experimental foundation for both areas are reported here. A well-characterized experimental system consisting of an epoxy matrix and carbon fibres was selected in which only the fibre surface chemistry was altered to produce three different degrees of adhesion. Embedded single-fibre fragmentation tests were conducted to quantify the level of fibre-matrix adhesion. Observation of the events occurring at the fibre breaks led to the documentation of three distinct failure modes coincident with the three levels of adhesion. The lowest level produced a frictional debonding, the intermediate level produced interfacial crack growth and the highest level produced radial matrix fracture. High fibre volume fraction composites made from the same material were tested for on- and off-axis, as well as fracture, properties. Results indicate that composite results can be explained if both differences in adhesion and failure mode are considered. It will be further demonstrated that fibre-matrix adhesion is an “optimum” condition which has to be selected for the stress state that the interface will experience. The embedded single-fibre fragmentation test is both a valuable measurement tool for quantifying fibre-matrix adhesion as well as the one method which provides fundamental information about the failure mode necessary for understanding the role of adhesion on composite mechanical properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Composite Materials and Structures Center, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA

    L. T. Drzal

  2. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA

    M. Madhukar

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  1. L. T. Drzal
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  2. M. Madhukar
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Drzal, L.T., Madhukar, M. Fibre-matrix adhesion and its relationship to composite mechanical properties. J Mater Sci 28, 569–610 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01151234

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