Summary
The examination of wastes shows a few special problems in contrast to that of more or less homogeneous materials like raw and finished products. Thus, high requirements have to be met for conception and technique of sampling in order to obtain samples which are representative for the bulk. The categorisation of wastes and the estimation of their potential hazard to the environment requires methods for measuring the mobilization of inorganic and organic components, e.g. standard elution tests. Different types of such tests and the results obtained are dealt with in detail. In the field of waste examination, the problems and possible screening as well as instrumental laboratory methods are critically discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kaiser RE (1986) Water Pollut Control Res Rep 1. Commission of the European Community, pp 187–195
Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall und BMI (ed) (1964) Informationsschrift „Abfallarten“. In: Straub H, Hösel G, Schenkel W (eds) Müll- und Abfallbeseitigung, vol 2. E. Schmidt Verlag, Berlin
Youden WJ (1967) J Assoc Off Anal Chem 50:1007
ACS-Committee on Environmental Inprovement (1983) Anal Chem 55:2210
Doerfel K, Eckschlager K (1981) Optimale Strategien in der Analytik. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig
Kratochvil B, Goewie CE, Taylor JK (1986) Trends Anal Chem 5:253–256
Gorbauch H, Rump HH, Schneider W (1986) In: Spillmann P (ed) Wasser- und Stoffhaushalt in Abfalldeponien u. deren Wirkungen auf Gewässer. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp 112–148
Sommer K (1979) Probennahme von Pulvern und körnigen Massengütern. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Terashima Y, Urabe S, Yoshikawa K (1984) Conserv Recycl 7:295–308
Stange K (1967) Chem Ing Tech 39:585–592
Agterberg FP (1970) In: Merriam DF (ed) Geostatistics. Plenum Press, New York, pp 113–141
Krutz H, Rump HH (1983) Vom Wasser 62:149–170
Parkhurst DF (1984) Environ Sci Technol 18:521–523
Exner JH, Keffer WD, Gilbert RO, Kinnison RR (1985) Haz Waste Haz Mat 2:503–521
Roels JM, Kabos R (1986) Cont Soil Proc 1th Int TNO-Conf on Cont Soil, Utrecht, pp 337–350
Department of the Environment UK (ed) Methods in examination of water and associated materials. Eigenverlag, London
Bayerisches Landesamt für Umweltschutz (ed) (1977) Chemische Analytik und Umwelttechnologie. Heft 2. Oldenbourg Verlag, München
Kaiser ER (1977) Combustion 48:26–32
Krauss P, Hagenmaier H (1984) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 317:407–411
Garvert U, Kick H (1979) Muell Abfall 11:177–181
Hatayama HK (1981) Nat Conf on Management of Uncontr Haz Waste Sites, Washington, D.C., (Proceedings), pp 149–153
Loxham M (1986) Cont Soil Proc 1th Int TNO Conf on Contam Soil, Utrecht, pp 403–406
Department of the Environment, UK (ed) (1984) The sampling of oils, fats, waxes and tars in aqueous and solid systems. Eigenverlag, London
Seanor AM, Brannaka LK (1981) Conf on Management of Uncontr Haz Waste Sites, Washington, D.C., (Proceedings) pp 143–148
Johnson MG (1981) Nat Conf on Management of Uncontr Haz Waste Sites, Washington, D.C., (Proceedings) pp 154–157
Rettenberger G (1980) GIT Fachz Lab 24:129–132
Thorburn S, Colenutt BA, Douglas SD (1979) Int J Environ Anal Chem 6:245–254
Scholz B (1987) In: Zentrum für Abfallforschung (ed) Möglichkeiten der Überwachung und Kontrolle von Deponien und Altablagerungen. Eigenverlag, Braunschweig, pp 237–246
Hueber D (1985) Wasser Boden 5:233–238
Wood AL, Wilson JT, Cosby RL, Hornsby AG, Baskin LB (1981) Soil Sci Soc Am J 45:442–444
Balfour WD, Schmidt CE, Eklund BM (1987) J Hazard Mater 14:135–148
Peters JA, Tackett KM, Eimutis EC (1981) Nat Conf on Management of Uncontr Haz Waste Sites, Washington, D.C., pp 123–128
USEPA (ed) (1980) Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste, 40 CFR (261.24) Washington D.C.
Bradke HJ (1977) Wasser, Luft und Betrieb 21:553–554
Schneider W (1980) UBA-Project No. 10302211/05 (Report)
Chian ES, De Walle FB (1977) Environ Sci Technol 11:158–162
Dietz F, Kornatzki KH (1982) Vom Wasser 59:93–101
Bradke HJ (1980) UBA-Project 10302211/02 (Report)
Ham RK, Anderson MA, Stegmann R, Standforth R (1980) Muell Abfall 12:212–220
Perket CL, Krueger JR, Whitehurst DA (1982) Trends Anal Chem 1:342–347
Schneider W, Rump HH (1982) Conf Recovery of Solid Wastes, Univ. Miami, (Proceedings) pp 135–144
Nagle DC, Kunes TP, Stanforth RR (1982) 5th Ann Madison Conf, pp 210–224
Herklotz K, Cordt T, Rump HH (1987) Gewaesserschutz Wasser Abwasser 99:15–57
Frevert T (1987) Arch Hydrobiol 109:1–24
Hance RJ (1969) Can J Soil Sci 49:357–364
Johnson SE, Barnard WM (1979) Soil Sci Soc Am J 43:304–308
Förstner U, Calmano W (1982) Vom Wasser 59:83–92
Förstner U (1983) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 316:604–611
Gibson MJ, Farmer JG (1986) Environ Pollut Ser B 11:117–135
Legret M, Divet L, Marchandise P (1987) Water Res 21:541–547
Hansen LD, Silberman D, Fisher GL, Eatough DJ (1984) Environ Sci Technol 18:181–186
Tills AR, Alloway BJ (1983) Environ Lett 4:529–534
Theis TL, Padgett LE (1983) J WPCF 55:1271–1279
Agrawal YK, John KT (1986) Anal Lett 19:1177–1189
Brown DA, Glass WK, Rasul JM, Mulders RM (1986) Environ Technol Lett 7:283–288
ASTM (ed) (1983) Ann Book of ASTM-Standards 11.04; 32–36; (1986) 7:283–288, 289–298
GDCh (ed) (1984) Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung (Methode S4). Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
Diamondstone BI, Burke RW, Garner EL (1982) ASTM-Stand News 10:28–33
Burd RM, Riddle JM (1979) EPA-Report No. 68-01-4725
Larson RJ, Malone PG (1981) 8. EPA-Sympos Ft Mitchell, p 327
Francis CW, Maskarinec MP, Goyert JC (1986) In: ASTM (ed) ASTM Spec Tech Publ 886:15–35
Rose SJ, Dane J, Eynon B, Switzer P (1981) Report EPRI-EA-1667
Wilson DC, Young PJ (1982) Environ Sci Technol 16:560–566
EPA (ed) (1984) Solid Waste Leaching Procedure Manual (Draft) SW-924
Funk W, Dammann V, Vonderheid C, Oehlmann G (1985) Statistische Methoden in der Wasseranalytik. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim
Scholz B, Betz V, Lauberau P, Baumgarten D, Hagenguth H (1985) Vom Wasser 64:199–210
Krutz H, Cammann K, Funk W, Hebbel H, Laubereau PG, Neitzel V, Rump HH (1988) Vom Wasser (in press)
Deutsche Einheitsverfahren, Draft 1988, Non-volatile halocarbons
DIN-Entwurf 1988: polychlorinated biphenyls
Schulten HR, Simmleit N, Müller R (1986) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 323:450–454
Rump HH, Krutz H, Schulten HR (1986) Water Pollut Res Rep 1. Commission of the European Community 125–153
Bink JC, Van'T Kloster HA (1983) Anal Chim Acta 150:53–59
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rump, H.H., Scholz, B. Aspects of the examination and assessment of waste. Z. Anal. Chem. 332, 769–775 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01129772
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01129772