Abstract
During the year of 1994, 417 samples of agricultural commodities, comprising: maize, compound animal feeds, oil seeds, soya bean, fish meal and forage were examined for fungi and over 20 mycotoxins using a multi-screen augmented with individual assays. Trichothecenes had the highest incidence of over 19% in all samples received, followed by aflatoxin at 6% and then zearalenone at 3%. Selected samples (73) were analyzed for fumonisin B1 and of these, 69 (94%) were found to be positive. Because of this result and high incidence ofFusarium spp. (over 70%) in maize and maize containing feeds, which was higher than eitherAspergillus spp. (19%) orPenicillium spp. (33%), attention is drawn to the actual and potential presence of fumonisin in the food chain.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Coker, RD. Analysis of Food Contaminants. Gilbert J (ed), London: Elsevier, 1984: 207–63.
Chu FS. Immunoassay for analysis of mycotoxins. J Food Protect 1984; 47: 562–69.
Patterson DSP, Roberts BA. Mycotoxins in animal feedstuffs: sensitive thin layer chromatographic detection of aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, zearalenone and T-2 toxin. J Assoc Offic Analyt Chem 1979; 62: 1265–67.
Dutton MF, Westlake K. Occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and animal feedstuffs in Natal, South Africa. J Assoc Offic Analyt Chem 1985; 68: 839–42.
Sub-Regional Workshop on Control of Mycotoxin Other than Aflatoxins. University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, UNFAO, 12–16 December 1994.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis 1984, 481–83.
McLaughlin JL, Goyan JE, Paul AG. Thin layer chromatography of ergot alkaloids. J Pharm Sci 1964; 53: 306–10.
Ware GM, Carman AS, Francis OJ, Kuan SS. Liquid chromatography of ergot alkaloids in wheat. J Assoc Offic Analyt Chem 1986; 69: 697–999.
Scott PM, Lawrence GA. A liquid chromatographic determination and stability of theFusarium mycotoxin moniliformin in cereal grains. J Assoc Offic Analyt Chem 1987; 70: 850–53.
Sydenham EW, Thiel PG. Proceedings of Training Course No. 2, 1–10. VIII International IUPAC Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phytotoxins, 1992, Mexico City, Mexico.
Richard JL, Lyon RL, Richtner RE, Ross PF. Use of thin layer chromatography for detection and high performance liquid chromatography for quantitating gliotoxin from rice cultures ofAspergillus fumigatus. Mycopath 1989; 107: 145–51.
Lansden JA. Determination of cyclopiazonic acid in peanuts and corn by thin layer chromatography. J Assoc Offic Analyt Chem 1986; 69: 964–69.
Malaiyandi M, Barette JP, Wavrock PL. Bis-diazotised benzidine as a spray reagent for detecting zearalenone on thin layer chromatography. J Assoc Offic Analyt Chem 1976; 59: 959–62.
Beebe MA. Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in food. J Assoc Off Analy Chem 1978; 61: 134–52.
Thiel PG, Meyer CJ, Marasas WFO. Natural occurrence of moniliformin together with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in Transkeian corn. J Agric Food Chem 1982; 3: 308–12.
Thiel PG, Shephard EW, Sydenham EW, Marasas WFO, Nelson PE, Wilson TM. Levels of fumonisin B1 and B2 feeds associated with confirmed cases of equine leukoencephalomalacia J Agric Food Chem 1991; 93: 109–11.
Moller T, Josefsson E. Rapid high pressure liquid chromatography of patulin in apple juice. J Assoc Offic Analyt Chem 1981; 63: 1055–56.
Prelusky DR, Warner RM, Trenholm HL. Sensitive analysis of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its metabolites in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatog 1989, 494: 267–77.
Gilbert J, Startin JR, Crews C. Optimisation of conditions for the trimethylsilylation of trichothecene mycotoxins. J Chromatog 1985; 319: 376–81.
Kaufman DD, Sumner CS, Williams LE. Effect of plating medium and incubation temperatures on growth of fungi in soil dilution plates. Can J Microbiol 1963; 9: 741–51.
Dutton MF. The analysis of food and feed in Natal, South Africa, for mycotoxins. Paper given at the ECSAFoST Regional Food Conference 1994, September 1994, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
Baxter JA, Terhune SJ, Qureshi SA. Use of chromotropic acid for improved thin layer chromatographic visualisation of trichothecene mycotoxins. J Chromatog 1983; 261: 130–33.
Takitani S, Asabe Y, Kato T. Spectrodensitometric determination of trichothecene mycotoxins with 4-nitro-p-nitrobenzyl pyridine on silica gel thin-layer chromatograms. J Chromatog 1979; 172: 335–42.
Bradburn N, Coker RD, Blunden G. The aetiology of Turkey X disease. Phytochem 1994; 35: 817-.
Ross PF, Rice LG, Plattner RD, Osweiler GD, Wilson TM, Owens DL, Nelson HA, Richard JL. Concentrations of fumonisin B1 in feeds associated with animal health problems. Mycopath 1991; 114: 129–35.
Robb J, Norval M, Neill WA. The use of tissue culture for the detection of mycotoxins. Letts Appl Microbiol 1990; 10: 161–65.
Smith JE, Anderson JG, Lewis CW, Murad YM. Cytotoxic fungal spores in the indoor atmosphere of the damp domestic environment. FEMS Microbiol Letts 1992; 100: 337–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dutton, M.F., Kinsey, A. Occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals and animal feedstuffs in Natal, South Africa 1994. Mycopathologia 131, 31–36 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01103901
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01103901