Long term observations in a patient with pseudohypoaldosteronism

Abstract

This paper describes a patient with severe pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) for over 12 years. The patient presented at 10 days of age with a serum sodium of 118 mEq/l and potassium of 12 mEq/l. After failing to maintain normal fluid and electrolyte status with standard therapy, including maximal mineralocorticoid stimulation, he was given a special formula containing minimal potassium plus salt supplements which normalized his electrolyte status. However, when he was 4.5 years of age, an acute gastrointestinal illness led to severe volume depletion, hyperkalemia, and cardiopulmonary arrest. This resulted in significant neurological impairment. At 12.5 years of age, the patient continues to require massive sodium supplements and his diet contains less than 0.5 mEq/kg potassium daily; his height and weight are at the 95th percentile, thus demonstrating that normal growth may be achieved with strict dietary manipulation in a patient with persistent, severe PHA. Serial studies to further define the lesion in this patient have demonstrated: (1) normal binding of aldosterone to aldosterone binding globulin (5.1% bound); (2) normal mineralocorticoid “activity”; (2) suppressible renin and aldosterone levels; (4) increased prostaglandin excretion (3.15 μg/g creatinine); (5) lack of benefit of prostaglandin inhibition with indomethacin; (6) normal proximal tubule function ($C_{Na} + C_{H_2 O} = 18.0 ml/100$ ml glomerular filtration rate; (7) impaired distal tubule function$\left( {C_{H_2 O} /C_{Na} + C_{H_2 O} = 79.8\% } \right)$ during water diuresis.