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Inheritance of protein content and its correlation with grain yield in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)

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Abstract

Four lines of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) ware selected for variability in protein content and were used as parents in crosses. The F2 mean protein contents were generally between the parents, but slightly closer to the low-protein parent. Reciprocal differences in protein of F1 seeds and its absence in F2 seeds showed that the maternal genotypes controlled protein content.

The broad sense heritability estimates varied from 34 to 62 per cent in different crosses. These low and variable values indicate high environmental-influence on protein content and relatively low additive genetic variance. A minimum of 3 or 4 genes control protein content. Low protein was partially dominant over high protein.

Grain yield and protein content were negatively correlated in F2 plants from crosses between low and high protein lines. Grain yield and protein yield were highly correlated. It is suggested that for total protein production per unit area efforts should be directed towards increased seed yield while maintaining per cent protein near average levels rather than by selecting for high protein in the grains alone.

Zusammenfassung

Vier Linien der Strauch- oder Taubenerbse (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Milsp.) wurden auf Variabilität des Eiweißgehalts ausgelesen und als Eltern für Kreuzungen benutzt. Die F2-Generation mit mittleren Eiweißgehalten lag im allgemeinen zwischen den Eltern aber doch etwas näher an den Eltern mit niedrigen Eiweißgehalten. Reziproke Verschiedenheiten im Eiweiß der F1-Samenkörner und seine Abwesenheit im F2-Samen zeigte, daß der Genotyp der Mutter die Höhe des Eiweißgehalts kontrolliert.

Die breitgefächerten Vererbungen zeigen Variationen von 34 zu 62 % bei verschiedenen Kreuzungen. Diese niedrigen und variablen Werte zeigen den großen Einfluß der Umweltfaktoren auf den Eiweißgehalt und relativ wenig additive genetische Varianz. Nur ein Minimum von 3 oder 4 Genen kontrolliert die Höhe des Eiweißgehalts. Niedriger Eiweißgehalt war teilweise dominant über hohen.

Samenertrag und Eiweißgehalt waren in F2-Pflanzen negativ korreliert und zwar bei Kreuzungen zwischen Linien mit niedrigen und hohen Eiweißgehalten. Samenertrag und Eiweißertrag waren hochkorreliert. Es müssen zur Eiweißproduktion je Flächeneinheit Anstrengungen gemacht werden, um höhere Samenerträge zu erzielen, wobei der Eiweißgehalt eher nahe eines mittleren Wertes gehalten werden sollte als durch Selektrion hohe Eiweißgehalte in den Körnern zu gewinnen.

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A part of the All India Co-ordinated Research project for improvement of Pulses, financed by Indian council of Agricultural Research.

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Dahiya, B.S., Brar, J.S. & Bhullar, B.S. Inheritance of protein content and its correlation with grain yield in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Plant Food Hum Nutr 27, 327–334 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01092325

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