Abstract
The present study provides further validity and normative data for the Malouff and Schutte (1986) Belief Scale. Belief Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Neuroticism Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory scores of a sample of 197 adults were correlated, and evidence for both construct and discriminant validities and support for the RET model were obtained. The Belief Scale appears to be a promising instrument for clinical research and the assessment of irrational beliefs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beck, A., Ward, C., Mendelsohn, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression.Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
Blalock, H. (1972).Social statistics (2nd ed.). New York, McGraw-Hill.
Bruning, J., & Kintz, B. (1977).Computational handbook of statistics. Dallas, TX, Scott, Foresman.
Ellis, A., & Harper, R. (1975).A new guide to rational living. North Hollywood, CA, Wilshire Books.
Eysenck, H., & Eysenck, S. (1975).Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. San Diego, CA, Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
Malouff, J., & Schutte, N. (1986). Development and validation of a measure of irrational belief.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 860–862.
Malouff, J., Valdenegro, J., & Schutte, N. (1987). Further validation of a measure of irrational belief.Journal of Rational-Emotive Therapy, 5, 189–193.
Nelson, R. (1977). Irrational beliefs and depression.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45, 1190–1191.
Ramanaiah, N., Heerboth, J., & Schill, T. (1987). Measurement of irrational beliefs: A critical review. In J. N. Butler & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.),Advances in personality assessment, Vol. 6. (pp. 49–68). Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erblaum.
Smith, T. (1982). Irrational beliefs in the cause and treatment of emotional distress: A critical review of the rational-emotive model.Clinical Psychology Review, 2, 505–522.
Smith, T. (In press). Assessment in rational-emotive therapy. In M. E. Bernard & R. DiGiuseppe (Eds.),Inside RET: A critical appraisal of the therapy and theory of Albert Ellis. New York: Academic Press.
Smith, T., & Zurawski, R. (1983). The assessment of irrational beliefs: The question of discriminant validity.Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 976–979.
Steiger, J. (1980). Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix.Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245–251.
Warren, R., & Zgourides, G. (1987). Cognitive variables as predictors of agoraphobic avoidance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston, MA.
Warren, R., Zgourides, G., & Jones, A. (In press). Cognitive variables as predictors of agoraphobic avoidance.Behavior Research and Therapy.
Zurawski, R., & Smith, T. (1987). Assessing irrational beliefs and emotional distress: Evidence and implications for limited discriminant validity.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 224–227.
Zurawski, R., Smith T., & Johnson, R. (1985). The convergent and discriminant validity of measures of irrational beliefs. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwestern Psychological Association, Austin, TX.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Ricks Warren, Ph.D. is the Director of the Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Lake Oswego, Oregon, and Associate Clinical Professor at the Oregon Graduate School of Professional Psychology, Pacific University. George D. Zgourides, M.A., is a doctoral student in clinical psychology at Pacific University of Forest Grove, Oregon and an associate therapist at the Anxiety Disorders Clinic of Lake Oswego, Oregon.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Warren, R., Zgourides, G. Further validity and normative data for the Malouff and Schutte belief scale. J Rational-Emot Cognitive-Behav Ther 7, 167–172 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01076188
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01076188