Abstract
The present study sought to investigate the effects of smoking on the speaking fundamental frequency of adult women. The results indicated that, in the reading condition, fundamental frequency for the smokers was significantly lower than fundamental frequency for the nonsmokers. Eighty-seven percent of the smokers examined by an otolaryngologist exhibited some abnormality in appearance of the vocal folds. The results also suggest that menopause may contribute to a lowering of the speaking fundamental frequency of adult women.
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This research was based on a Master's thesis at The Pennsylvania State University and was supported in part by a grant from the College of Education
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Gilbert, H.R., Weismer, G.G. The effects of smoking on the speaking fundamental frequency of adult women. J Psycholinguist Res 3, 225–231 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01069239
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01069239