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Evaluation of mass transport in copper and zinc electrodeposition using tracer methods

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Abstract

Control of the electrocrystallization process is essential in the deposition of metals from aqueous electrolytes. A knowledge of the influence of mass transfer on the metal ion reduction is a critical element in any number of electrolytic processes, particularly where relatively high current densities are desired. The use of more positive ion tracer techniques as a means of experimentally determining some of the mass transport properties of interest are described. Examples for copper, zinc and zinc alloys electrolysis are included.

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Abbreviations

C b :

concentration in the bulk of the solution

C s :

concentration at the surface of the electrode

d :

hydraulic diameter of the cross section of the cell

D :

diffusion coefficient

e Me :

equivalent weight of Me

F :

Faraday number

g :

acceleration due to gravity

Gr :

Grashof number

H :

hydrodynamic entrance length

(It):

quantity of electricity (current times time)

J :

current density

J dl :

diffusion limiting current density

k=J dl/zFC :

mass transfer coefficient

L :

electrode length

P Me :

deposited mass of Me

Re=vd/ν:

Reynolds number

Sc=ν/D :

Schmidt number

Sh :

Sherwood number

v :

speed of electrolyte

z :

number of electrons exchanged in the electrode reaction

δ:

thickness of the diffusion layer

η d :

diffusion overvoltage

ν:

kinematic viscosity of electrolyte

ϱ:

average density across diffusion layer

ϱb :

bulk electrolyte density

ϱ1 :

density of the electrolyte at the surface of the electrode

ω:

rotation speed of the electrode

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Research Center and Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 65401, Rolla, MO, USA

    H. M. Wang, S. F. Chen & T. J. O'Keefe

  2. Department Metallurgy-Electrochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50, avenue F.D. Roosevelt, CP 165, B 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    M. Degrez & R. Winand

Authors
  1. H. M. Wang
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  2. S. F. Chen
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  3. T. J. O'Keefe
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  4. M. Degrez
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  5. R. Winand
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Wang, H.M., Chen, S.F., O'Keefe, T.J. et al. Evaluation of mass transport in copper and zinc electrodeposition using tracer methods. J Appl Electrochem 19, 174–182 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01062297

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