Abstract
The possibility that fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, could represent a secondary poisoning hazard to birds of prey was tested, using American kestrels (Falco sparverius) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) as representative models of a naturally occurring predator-prey interaction. Fourteen kestrels were presented with live sparrows exposed previously to perches containing Rid-A-Bird 1100® solution (11% fenthion active ingredient). Eleven kestrels died within twenty-four h after consuming one fenthion-exposed sparrow. Two kestrels died after consumption of a second fenthion-exposed sparrow on day 2, and a final kestrel died after partially consuming a third fenthion-exposed sparrow on day 3. Brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity in kestrels was depressed to levels diagnostic of poisoning by a ChE-inhibiting compound. The majority of fenthion contamination of sparrows was external, with the highest amounts measured on the feet. The detection of fenthion residues in kestrel gastro-intestinal tracts confirmed secondary fenthion poisoning.
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Hunt, K.A., Bird, D.M., Mineau, P. et al. Secondary poisoning hazard of fenthion to American kestrels. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 21, 84–90 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055561
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055561