Abstract
Fast penetration of oxygen into grain boundaries and intergranular oxidation of β-NiAl has been observed. Since the solubility of oxygen in NiAl is virtually nil, special ways of oxygen ingress at grain boundaries have to be presumed. Selective intergranular oxidation of binary alloys and fast penetration of oxygen along grain boundaries were analyzed by computer simulation. Interdiffusion caused by consumption of the less-noble component by oxidation at the metal-oxide interface leads to deviation of the alloy composition from the original value. When the diffusivity of the less-noble component is higher than the diffusivity of the other component, a grain-boundary Kirkendall effect may lead to void-chain formation. Experimental evidence for this phenomenon is presented. The deviation in composition and void formation were considered as processes influencing the effective oxygen diffusivity. Both processes were found to allow penetration of oxygen as fast as grain-boundary interdiffusion occurs. In addition, oxygen penetration during intergranular internal oxidation when oxides form at voids beneath the metal-oxide interface was analyzed and treated as a self-propagating process. In this case, fast oxygen penetration is accompanied by fast internal oxide formation and fast displacement of the metal-oxide interface.
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Katsman, A., Grabke, H.J. & Levin, L. Penetration of oxygen along grain boundaries during oxidation of alloys and intermetallics. Oxid Met 46, 313–331 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050802
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050802