Summary
For tunnelling in rock, the original stress field in the ground is changed considerably before a first lining is participating in stabilizing the opening. Depending on this stress release at the tunnel face, only a small portion of the primary stresses is acting on the lining. Only a three-dimensional approach is able to determine the stresses and the deformations of the ground and the lining realistically. The paper presents some results of elastic three-dimensional finite-element-analyses in consecutive steps of the sectional excavation of circular and non-circular tunnels. From these results an equivalent two-dimensional approach is derived for technical applications, given in diagrams.
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Kielbassa, S., Duddeck, H. Stress-strain fields at the tunnelling face—Three-dimensional analysis for two-dimensional technical approach. Rock Mech Rock Engng 24, 115–132 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042857
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042857