Skip to main content
Log in

Consumer policy in Latvia

  • Articles
  • Published:
Journal of Consumer Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As part of the legislative programs to facilitate the transition to a market economy, the governments of Eastern European States and the former Soviet Union have begun enacting comprehensive consumer protection acts. These statutes have taken a variety of forms, and frequently have drawn upon the experiences of the West for guidance. The Latvian Consumer Law is a noteworthy example that takes consumer rights seriously. This paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the statute, with particular emphasis on the compatibility of its provisions with EU norms. The Law addresses most of the core issues in contemporary consumer policy — including product and service liability, warranty, unfair terms, information disclosure, enforcement, and the role of consumer organizations — in a manner that could serve well as a model for other economies in transition.

Zusammenfassung

Verbraucherpolitik in Lettland. Die Regierungen der osteuropäischen Staaten und der Staaten der früheren Sowjetunion haben als Teil ihrer gesetzgeberischen Vorhaben zur Erleichterung des übergangs in eine Marktwirtschaft damit begonnen, umfassende Verbraucherschutzgesetze zu erlassen. Solche Gesetze sind in vielfältigen Formen und mithilfe westlicher Erfahrungen entstanden. Das lettische Verbraucherrecht ist ein bemerkenswertes Beispiel und macht Ernst mit den Verbraucherrechten. Der Beitrag untersucht die Stärken und Schwächen des Gesetzes unter dem besonderen Aspekt der Vereinbarkeit seiner Regelungen mit EU-Normen. Das Gesetz berücksichtigt alle wichtigen Bereiche der herrschenden Verbraucherpolitik — dazu gehören Produkt- und Servicehaftung, Garantieleistungen, unlautere Geschäftsbedingungen, Informationsauflagen, Rechtsdurchsetzung und die Rolle von Verbraucherorganisationen — und kann als Modell für andere Volkswirtschaften im übergang zur Marktwirtschaft dienen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Borrie, G. (1984).The development of consumer law and policy — Bold spirits and timorous souls. London: Stevens.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourgoignie, T. (1991). Characteristics of consumer law.Journal of Consumer Policy, 14, 293–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourgoignie, T., & Turbek, D. (1987).Consumer law, consumer markets and federalism in Europe and the United States. Berlin: de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, W. E. (1983).Soviet law. London: Butterworths.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calais-Auloy, J. (1981).Consumer legislation in France. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, R. (1991).The socialist economies in transition. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappeletti, M. & Garth, B. (1978). Access to justice: The newest wave in the worldwide movement to make rights effective.Buffalo Law Review, 27, 181–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, K. W. (1988). The case for minimizing regulation. In: E. S. Maynes (Ed.),The frontier of research in the consumer interest, pp. 441–445. Columbia, MO: American Council on Consumer Interests.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coase, R. (1960). The problem of social cost.Journal of Law & Economics, 3, 1–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coopers & Lybrand EC Commentaries (1995, July 29).Consumer policy. Available in Lexis, Europe Library, Eurscp File.

  • Duggan, A. J. (1982).The economics of consumer protection: A critique of the Chicago School case against intervention. Adelaide, South Australia: Adelaide Law Association, University of Adelaide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farnsworth, E. A. (1990).Contracts. Second ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galanter, M. (1974). Why the “haves” come out ahead: Speculations on the limits of legal change.Law & Society Review, 9, 95–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldring, J. (1990). Consumer law and legal theory: Reflections of a common lawyer.Journal of Consumer Policy, 13, 113–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goyens, M. (1993). Where there's a will, there's a way! A practitioner's view.Journal of Consumer Policy, 16, 375–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayden, P. (1990). A goodly apple rotten at the heart: Commercial disparagement in comparative advertising as common-law tortious unfair competition.Iowa Law Review, 76, 67–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ioffe, O. S. (1988).Soviet civil law. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerton, R. R. (1980). Consumer search capital: Delineating a concept and applying it to consumers in developing countries.Journal of Consumer Policy, 4, 293–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, D. (1974).Consumer protection experiments in Sweden. South Hackensack, NJ: F. B. Rothman.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, D. (1986). General theory. In: D. King (Ed.),Commercial and consumer law from an international perspective, pp. 3–13. Littleton, CO: F. B. Rothman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozminski, A. (1991). Consumers in transition from the centrally planned economy to the market economy.Journal of Consumer Policy, 14, 351–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniet, F., & Dunaj, B. (Eds.) (1994).The scope and objective of consumer law. Louvain-la-Neuve: Consumer Institutions and Consumer Policy Programme (CICPP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschall, W. F. von (1979). The new German Law on Standard Contract Terms.Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, 3, 278–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nehf, J. (1993). Empowering the Russian consumer in a market economy.Michigan Journal of International Law, 14, 739–826.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posner, R. (1977).Economic analysis of law. Second ed. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, N. (1986). Product safety and product liability — An analysis of EC Council Directive of 25 July 1985 on the approximation of the laws, regulations, and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning liability for defective products.Journal of Consumer Policy, 9, 133–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, N. (1991). Diverse approaches to consumer protection philosophy.Journal of Consumer Policy, 14, 257–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, N. (1992). Protection of consumers' economic interests by the EC.Sydney Law Review, 14, 23–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, N., & Micklitz, H.-W. (1980).Consumer legislation in the EC countries: A comparative analysis. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruster, B. (Ed.) (1991).Business transactions in Germany. New York: M. Bender and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorelli, H. B. (1983). Consumer policy in developing countries. In: K. P. Goebel (Ed.),Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the American Council on Consumer Interests, pp. 147–153. Columbia, MO: American Council on Consumer Interests.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torgans, K. (1994). Product liability in Latvia. In: F. Maniet & B. Dunaj (Eds.),The implementation process of E.V. directives in product safety, product liability and unfair contract terms, pp. 179–185. Louvain-la-Neuve: Consumer Institutions and Consumer Policy Programme (CICPP).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trumpy, T. (1986). Consumer protection and product liability: Europe and the EEC.North Carolina Journal of International and Commercial Regulation, 11, 321–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Eeden, E. (1986). Deceptive sales practices. In: D. King (Ed.),Commercial and consumer law from an international perspective, pp. 71–104. Littleton, CO: F. B. Rothman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn, R. (1994). Consumer protection laws in South America.Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 17, 275–322.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

He served as the working group leader on law reform for the International Baltic Economic Commission in 1991, and as a consultant to the legislative committee that drafted the Consumer Law for the Republic of Latvia in 1992.

Law student Terence Slywka provided valuable research assistance during the writing of this article.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nehf, J.P. Consumer policy in Latvia. J Consum Policy 18, 317–344 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024159

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024159

Keywords

Navigation