Skip to main content
Log in

Brain monoamines after portacaval anastomosis

  • Original Contributions
  • Published:
Metabolic Brain Disease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, as well as the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid, were measured in whole-brain extracts from rats with a portacaval shunt or sham operation. Norepinephrine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were significantly higher after shunting. There was no difference in dopamine. The results support the idea that brain indole metabolism is increased during chronic hepatic encephalopathy. However, they provide evidence against suggestions that hepatic encephalopathy in general is accompanied by a shortage in the whole-brain content of the catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alsasua, P. A., and Arias, J. (1979). Niveles de catecholamines en distintas estructuras del cerebro de rata tras anastomosis portocava.Arch. Farmacol. Toxicol. V: 97–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldessarini, R. J., and Fischer, J. E. (1973). Serotonin metabolism in rat brain after surgical diversion of the portal venous circulation.Nature 245: 25–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernadini, P., and Fischer, J. E. (1982). Amino acid imbalance and hepatic encephalopathy.Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2: 419–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, P., Delorme, M. L., Rapin, J. R., Granger, A., Baschat, M., and Opolon, P. (1978). Reversible modifications of neurotransmitters of the brain in experimental acute hepatic coma.Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 146: 551–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuilleret, G., Pomier-Layrargues, G., Pons, F., Cadilhac, J., and Michel, H. (1980). Changes in brain catecholamine levels in human cirrhotic hepatic encephalopathy.Gut 21: 565–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, M. G., Soeters, P. B., James, J. H., Keane, J. M., and Fischer, J. E. (1976a). Regional brain indoleamine metabolism following chronic portacaval anastomosis in the rat.J. Neurochem. 27: 501–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, M. G., James, J. H., Soeters, P. B., Keane, J. M., Foster, J., and Fischer, J. E. (1976b). Regional brain study of indoleamine metabolism in the rat in acute hepatic failure.J. Neurochem. 27: 741–746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curzon, G., Kantamaneni, B. D., Winch, J., Rojas-Bueno, A., Murray-Lyon, I. M., and Williams, R. (1973). Plasma and brain tryptophan changes in experimental acute hepatic failure.J. Neurochem. 21: 137–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curzon, G., Kantamaneni, B. D., Fernando, J. C., Woods, M. S., and Cavanagh, J. B. (1975). Effect of chronic porta-caval anastomosis on brain tryptophan, tyrosine and 5-hydroxytryptoamine.J. Neurochem. 24: 1065–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denis, J., Delorme, M. L., Boschat, M., Nordlinger, B., and Opolon, P. (1983). Respective roles of ammonia, amino acids, and medium-sized molecules in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced acute hepatic encephalopathy.J. Neurochem. 40: 10–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodsworth, J. M., James, J. H., Cummings, M. C., and Fischer, J. E. (1974). Depletion of brain nor-adrenaline in acute hepatic coma.Surgery 75: 811–820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elsass, P., Lund, Y., and Ranek, L. (1978). Encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. A neuropsychological study.Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 13: 241–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faraj, B. A., Camp, V. M., Ansley, J. D., Scott, J., Ali, F. M., and Malveaux, E. J. (1981). Evidence for central hypertyraminemia in hepatic encephalopathy.J. Clin. Invest. 67: 395–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, J. E., and Baldessarini, R. J. (1971). False neurotransmitters and hepatic failure.Lancet 2: 75–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, J. E., and Baldessarini, R. J. (1976). Pathogenesis and therapy of hepatic coma. In Popper, H., and Schaffner, F. (eds.),Progress in Liver Diseases, Vol. V, Grune and Stratton, New York, pp. 363–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herlin, P. M., James, J. H., Gimmon, Z., and Fischer, J. E. (1982). Combined or individual administration of branched-chain amino acids following total hepatectomy in the rat: Effects on amino acids and indoleamines in brain.J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. 6: 383–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyumpa, A. M., and Schenker, S. (1982). Perspectives in hepatic encephalopathy.J. Lab. Clin. Med. 100: 477–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, J. H., Hodgeman, J. M., Funovics, J. M., and Fischer, J. E. (1976). Alteration in brain octopamine and brain tyrosine following portacaval anastomosis in rats.J. Neurochem. 27: 223–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, J. H., Jeppsson, B., Zipara, V., and Fischer, J. E. (1979). Hyperammonemia, plasma amino acid imbalance and blood-brain amino acid transport: A unified theory of portal-systemic encephalopathy.Lancet 2: 772–775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamata, S., Okada, A., Watanabe, T., Kawashima, Y., and Wada, H. (1980). Effects of dietary amino acids on brain amino acids and transmitter amines in rats with a portacaval shunt.J. Neurochem. 35: 1190–1199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mans, A. M., Biebuyck, J. F., Shelly, K., and Hawkins, R. A. (1982). Regional blood-brain barrier permeability to amino acids after portacaval anastomosis.J. Neurochem. 38: 705–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mans, A. M., Biebuyck, J. F., Davis, D. W., Bryan, R. M., and Hawkins, R. A. (1983). Regional cerebral glucose utilization in rats with portacaval anastomosis.J. Neurochem. 40: 986–991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mans, A. M., Biebuyck, J. F., Davis, D. W., and Hawkins, R. A. (1984). Portacaval anastomosis: Brain and plasma amino acid metabolite abnormalities and the effect of nutritional therapy.J. Neurochem. 43: 697–705.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misra, P. (1981). Hepatic encephalopathy.Med. Clin. No. Am. 65: 209–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munro, H. N., Fernstrom, J. D., and Wurtman, R. J. (1975). Insulin, plasma amino acid imbalance and hepatic coma.Lancet 1: 722–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehnström, S., Simert, G., Hansson, J. A., Johnson, G., and Vang, J. (1977). Chronic hepatic encephalo-pathy. A psychometrical study.Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 12: 305–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichle, R. M., and Reichle, F. A. (1975). Effect of portacaval shunt and acute hepatic ischemia on brain and liver serotonin and catecholamines.Surg. Forum 26: 413–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, H. M., Soeters, P. B., James, J. H., Hodgeman, J., and Fischer, J. E. (1978). Influences of exogenous intake and nitrogen balance on plasma and brain aromatic amino acid concentrations.Metabolism 27: 393–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simert, G., Nobin, A., Rosengren, E., and Vang, J. (1978). Neurotransmittor changes in the rat brain after portacaval anastomosis.Eur. Surg. Res. 10: 73–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. R., Rossi-Fanelli, F., Ziparo, V., James, J. H., Perelle, B. A., and Fischer, J. E. (1978). Alterations in plasma and CSF amino acids, amines and metabolites in hepatic coma.Ann. Surg. 187: 343–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tricklebank, M. D., Smart, J. L., Bloxam, D. L., and Curzon, G. (1978). Effects of chronic experimental liver dysfunction and L-tryptophan on behaviour in the rat.Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 9: 181–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyce, G. M., Flock, E. V., and Owen, C. A. (1967). 5-Hydroxyindole metabolism in the brain after hepatectomy.Biochem. Pharmacol. 16: 979–992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warbritton, J. D., III, Geyer, M. A., Jeppsson, B., and Fischer, J. E. (1980). Decreased startle reactivity in the end-to-side portacaval shunted rat.Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 12: 739–742.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zieve, L., and Olsen, R. L. (1977). Can hepatic coma be caused by a reduction of brain noradrenaline or dopamine?Gut 18: 688–691.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mans, A.M., Hawkins, R.A. Brain monoamines after portacaval anastomosis. Metab Brain Dis 1, 45–52 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00998476

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00998476

Key words

Navigation