Skip to main content
Log in

Children's and adults' beliefs about emotion elicitation

  • Published:
Motivation and Emotion Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Eight-year-old children and adult female college students were asked to describe situations in which each of six emotions would be felt (production task) and to judge which emotion would be felt in situations described by other subjects (judgment task). In addition, mothers of the child subjects were asked to judge descriptions generated by their own child and by other children. Data analysis showed that adults and children produced stories that could be classified into the same set of thematic categories. In addition, adults and children could accurately identify the emotion in stories produced by other adults and children. Last, mothers judged descriptions produced by other children as easily as descriptions produced by their own child.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arnold, M. B. (1960).Emotion and personality (Vols. 1 & 2). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Averill, J. (1982).Anger and aggression. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barden, R. C., Zelko, F. A., Duncan, S. W., & Masters, J. C. (1980). Children's consensual knowledge about the experiential determinants of emotion.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39 968–976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, E. (1976). Pragmatics and sociolinguistics in child language. In D. Morehead & A. Morehead (Eds.),Directions in normal and deficient child language. Baltimore: University Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borke, H. (1971). Interpersonal perception of young children: Egocentrism or empathy?Developmental Psychology, 5 263–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boucher, J. (1983). Antecedents to emotion across cultures. In S. H. Irvine & J. Berry (Eds.),Human assessment and culture factors (pp. 407–420). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boucher, J., & Brandt, M. (1981). Judgment of emotion: American and Malay antecedents.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 12 272–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1973).Attachment and loss, Vol. 2: Separation. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camras, L. A., & Allison, K. (1985). Children's understanding of emotional facial expressions and verbal labels.Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 9 84–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1965).The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1872)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, P. (1977). Biological and cultural contributions to body and facial movement. In J. Blacking (Ed.),Anthropology of the body. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnepp, J. (1983). Children's social sensitivity: Inferring emotions from conflicting cues.Developmental Psychology, 19 805–814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. (1984).Nonverbal sex differences. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, P. L. (1983). Children's understanding of the link between situation and emotion.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 36 490–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, P., Guz, G., Lipian, M., & Man-Shu, Z. (1985). Insight into the time-course of emotion among Western and Chinese children.Child development, 56 972–988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (1982). Children's understanding of multiple emotions. A cognitive-developmental approach. In W. Overton (Ed.),The relationship between social and cognitive development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S., & Buddin, B. (1983, April).Children's understanding of the simultaneity of two emotions: A developmental acquisition sequence. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Detroit.

  • Izard, C. E. (1972).Patterns of emotion. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izard, C. E. (1977).Human emotions. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, R., Kanner, A., & Folkman, S. (1980). Emotions: A cognitive-phenomenological analysis. In R. Plutchik & H. Kellerman (Eds.),Emotions: Theory, research and experience (pp. 189–218). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandler, G. (1984).Mind and body. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masters, J. C., Barden, C., & Ford, M. E. (1979). Affective states, expressive behavior and learning in children.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37 380–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P., & Sperry, L. (1987). The socialization of anger and aggression.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33 1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plutchik, R. (1980).Emotion: A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potts, R. (1988).West-side stories: Children's conversational narratives in a black, working-class community. Unpublished manuscript, University of Chicago, Committee on Cognition and Communication.

  • Reichenbach, L., & Masters, J. (1983). Children's use of expressive and contextual cues in judgments of emotion.Child Development, 54 993–1004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. (1984a). On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach. In K. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.),Approaches to emotion (pp. 293–317). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K. (1984b). Emotion as a multicomponent process: A model and some cross-cultural data. In P. Shaver (Ed.),Review of personality and social psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 37–63). Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, K., Walbott, H., & Summerfield, A. (1986).Experiencing emotion: A crosscultural study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seidner, L., & Stipek, D., & Feschbach, N. (1987). A developmental analysis of elementary school-aged children's concepts of pride and embarrassment.Child Development, 59 367–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D., & O'Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 1061–1086.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, N., & Jewett, J. (1986). A conceptual analysis of the meaning of negative emotions: Implications for a theory of development. In C. Izard & P. Read (Eds.),Measuring emotions in infants and children (Vol. 2, pp. 238–267). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, N., & Levine, L. (in press). Thinking about feeling: The development and organization of emotional knowledge. In R. Snow & M. Farr (Eds.),Aptitude, learning and instruction (Vol. 3): Cognition, conation and affect. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

  • Tomkins, S. S. (1963).Affect, imagery, and consciousness (Vols. 1 & 2). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trabasso, T., Stein, N., & Johnson, L. (1981). Children's knowledge of events: A causal analysis of story structure. In G. Bower (Ed.),The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 237–282). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uberg, K., & Docherty, E. M. (1976). Development of role-taking skills in young children.Developmental Psychology, 12 198–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umiker-Sebeok, D. J. (1972). Preschool children's intraconversational narratives.Journal of Child Language, 6 51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zelko, F., Duncan, S., Barden, R., Garber, J., & Masters, J. (1986). Adults' expectancies about children's emotional responsiveness: Implications for the development of implicit theories of affect.Developmental Psychology, 22 109–114.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This research was supported by a grant from the DePaul University Faculty Research and Development Committee. The authors wish to thank the children, parents, and staff of the Circle M Daycamp and the New City YMCA.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Camras, L.A., Allison, K. Children's and adults' beliefs about emotion elicitation. Motiv Emot 13, 53–70 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00995544

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00995544

Keywords

Navigation