Abstract
Eight compounds were isolated from the sex pheromone gland ofHeliothis subflexa (Gn.) and identified as hexadecanal, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-7-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate, (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol, and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol. Although the whole blend was found to be an effective male attractant, the deletion of alcohols from the blend increased trap captures considerably. Further, although the binary mixture of (Z)-9-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal caught some maleH. subflexa, significant increases in captures were noted when the three acetate components were included in the blend.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker, T.C., andCarde, R.T. 1979a. Analysis of pheromone-mediated behaviors in maleGrapholitha molesta, the Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).Environ. Entomol. 8:956–968.
Baker, T.C., andCarde, R.T. 1979b. Courtship behavior of the Oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta): Experimental analysis and consideration of the role of sexual selection in the evoluation of courtship pheromones in Lepidoptera.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 72:173–188.
Brazzel, J.R.,Newsome, L.D.,Rousel, T.S.,Lincoln, C.,Williams, F.J., andBarnes, G. 1953. Bollworm and tobacco budworm as cotton pests in Louisiana and Arkansas. L. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 482, 47 pp.
Corey, E.J., andSuggs, J.W. 1975. Pyridinium chlorochromate. An efficient reagent for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds.Tetrahedron Lett. 31:2647–2650.
Flint, H.M., McDonough, L.M., Salter, S.S., andWalters, S. 1979. Rubber septa: A long lasting substrate for (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-9-tetradecenal, the primary components of the sex pheromone of the tobacco budworm.J. Econ. Entomol. 72:798–800.
Hartstack, A.W., Witz, J.A., andBuck, D.R. 1979. Moth traps for the tobacco budworm.J. Econ. Entomol. 72:519–522.
Heath, R.R., andSonnet, P.E. 1980. Techniques for in situ coating of Ag+ onto silica gel in HPLC columns for the separation of geometrical isomers.J. Liq. Chromatogr. 3:1129–1135.
Heath, R.R., Jordan, J.R., Sonnet, P.E., andTumlinson, J.H. 1979. Potential for the separation of insect pheromones by gas chromatography on columns coated with choiesteryl cinnamate, a liquid-crystal phase.J. High Resol. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 2:712–714.
Heath, R.R., Burnsed, G.E., Tumlinson, J.H., andDoolittle, R.E. 1980. Separation of a series of positional and geometrical isomers of olefinic aliphatic primary alcohols and acetates by capillary gas chromatography.J. Chromatogr. 189:199–208.
Jamison, G.R., andReed, E.H. 1969. The analysis of oils and fats by gas chromatography. VI. Calculation of equivalent chain length and modified chain length values.J. Chromatogr. 39:71–74.
Klun, J.A., Plimmer, J.R., Bierl-Leonhardt, B.A., Sparks, A.N., Primiani, M., Chapman, O.L., Lee, G.H., andLepone, G. 1980a. Sex pheromone chemistry of the female corn earworm moth,Heliothis zea.J. Chem. Ecol. 6:165–175.
Klun, J.A., Bierl-Leonhardt, B.A., Plimmer, J.R., Sparks, A.N., Primiani, M., Chapman, O.L., Lepone, G., andLee, G.H. 1980b. Sex pheromone chemistry of the female tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens.J. Chem. Ecol. 6:177–183.
Laster, M.L. 1972. Interspecific hybridization ofHeliothis virescens andH. subflexa.Environ. Entomol. 1:682–687.
Mueller, R.H., andGillick, J.G. 1978. Lithium bronze as a stoicheometric reagent for the conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones.J. Org. Chem. 43:4647–4648.
Nesbitt, B.F., Beevor, P.S., Hall, D.R., andLester, R. 1979. Female sex pheromone components of the cotton bollworm,Heliothis armigera.J. Insect Physiol. 25:535–541.
Nesbitt, B.F., Beevor, P.S., Hall, D.R., andLester, R. 1980. (Z)-9-Hexadecenal: A minor component of the female sex pheromone ofHeliothis armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Entomol. Exp. Appl. 27:306–308.
Proshold, F.I., andLechance, L.E. 1974. Analysis of sterility in hybrids from interspecific crosses betweenHeliothis virescens andH. subflexa.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 67:445–448.
Roelofs, W.L., andCardé, R.T. 1974. Sex pheromones in the reproductive isolation of lepidopterous species, pp. 96–114,in M.C. Birch (ed.). Pheromones. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Rothschild, G.H.L. 1978. Attractants forHeliothis armigera andH. punctigera.J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 17:389–390.
Swoboda, P.A.T. 1962. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavour volatiles from edible fats, pp. 273–291,in M. van Swaay (ed.). Gas Chromatography 1962. Butterworth, London.
Teal, P.E.A., McLaughlin, J.R., andTumlinson, J.H. 1981a. Analysis of the reproductive behavior ofHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 74:324–330.
Teal, P.E.A.,et al. 1981b. In preparation.
Tingle, F.C., Mitchell, E.R., andBaumhover, A.H. 1978. Sex pheromone specificity inHeliothis.J. Chem. Ecol. 4:471–479.
Weatherson, J., andMaclean, W. 1974. The occurrence of (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, a known sex attractant inhibitor, in the abdominal tips of virgin female spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).Can. Entomol. 106:281–284.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Mention of a commercial or proprietary product in this paper does not constitute an endorsement of that product by the USDA or the State of Florida.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Teal, P.E.A., Heath, R.R., Tumlinson, J.H. et al. Identification of a sex pheromone ofHeliothis subflexa (GN.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and field trapping studies using different blends of components. J Chem Ecol 7, 1011–1022 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987623
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987623