References
Bean, L.L.Demographic change in Iran, Pakistan and the Gulf Area with particular emphasis on the developing labor force need. Paper presented at the International Conference on Islam, Pakistan, Iran, and the Gulf States, Bellagio Conference Center, Bellagio, Italy, 1975.
Berry, J.W.. On cross-cultural comparability.International Journal of Psychology 1969,4, 119–128.
Beshers, J.M.Population processes in social systems. New York: Free Press, 1967.
Bogue, D.J. Internal migration. In P.M. Hauser & O.D. Duncan (Eds.),The study of population. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959.
Eisenstadt, S.N., Analysis of patterns of immigration and absorption of immigrants.Population Studies, 1967,1 167–180.
Graves, T.D., & Van Arsdale, M. Values, expectations and relocation: The Navajo migrat to Denver.Human Organization, 1966,25, (4), 300–307.
Hammond, P.E. The migrating sect: An illustration from early Norwegian immigration.Social Forces, 1963,41, 275–283.
Matras, J.,Populations and societies. Englewood: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
Mitchell, T.R., & Biglan, A., Instrumentality theories: Current uses in psychology.Psychological Bulletin, 1971,76 (6), 432–454.
Mol, J.J. The decline of religious participation of migrants.International Migration, 1965,3, 137–142.
Spengler, J.J. The economic effect of migration. In T.R. Ford & G.F. DeJong (Eds.),Social demography, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall 1970.
Stouffer, S.A., Intervening opportunities: A theory relating mobility distance.American Sociological Review 1940,5 (6), 845–867.
Vroom, V.H.,Work and motivation. New York: Wiley, 1964.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This research was originally submitted as part of a Senior Honors thesis at the University of Utah by the second author. We thank Dr. Manuchehr Derakhshani, the staff of the National Institute of Psychology, Lily Ayman, Saba Ayman, and the people of the village of Soghad, Iran, without whose assistance the research could not have been conducted.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chemers, M.M., Ayman, R. & Werner, C. Expectancy theory analysis of migration. Popul Environ 1, 42–56 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00972723
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00972723