Abstract
Circumscription of the tribeCinchoneae (Rubiaceae) is reconsidered on the basis of a cladistic analysis of structural data comprising 48 characters (164 states). It is concluded that the tribeCinchoneae, in order to be monophyletic, should be restricted to compriseCapirona, Cephalodendron, Cinchona, Cosmibuena, Dolicholobium, Ferdinandusa, Joosia, Ladenbergia, Macrocnemum, andRemijia. It is also suspected, on insufficient evidence, thatMaguireocharis, Pimentelia, andStilpnophyllum belong here.Alseis, Calycophyllum, Schizocalyx, andWittmackanthus form a monophyletic group possibly related to theCinchoneae. A new tribe,Calycophylleae, is proposed to accommodate them.Hillia, which is possibly the sister group of theCinchoneae, is retained in a separate tribe.Coptosapelta, Corynanthe, Crossopteryx, Hymenodictyon, Luculia, Mitragyna, Mussaendopsis, Paracorynanthe, Pausinystalia, andUncaria are referred to the same tribe, for which the nameCoptosapelteae has to be adopted. Probably alsoGreeniopsis belongs here. The generaCigarilla, Coutarea, andExostema, and possiblySyringantha andWernhamia, seem to be most closely related toPortlandia and should be transferred to the tribeCondamineeae. Bouvardia, Coursiana, Danais, Duidiana, Dunnia, Heterophyllaea, Hindsia, Lecanosperma, Manettia, Merumea, Neohymenopogon, andSchismatoclada should be provisionally transferred to the tribeHedyotideae, which is suspected to be polyphyletic, however. No conclusive results were reached concerning the position ofBalmea, Blepharidium, Emmenopterys, andSuberanthus, the position of them remaining uncertain.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aiello, A., 1979: A reexamination ofPortlandia (Rubiaceae) and associated taxa. — J. Arnold Arbor.60: 38–123.
Archie, J. W., 1989: Homoplasy excess ratios: new indices for measuring levels of homoplasy in phylogenetic systematics and a critique of the consistency index. — Syst. Zool.38: 253–269.
Bentham, G., Hooker, J. D., 1873(–1876): Genera plantarum, etc. II. — London: Reeve & Co.
Blackwell, W. H., 1968: Revision ofBouvardia. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.55: 1–30.
Boom, B. M., 1984: A revision ofIsertia (Isertieae: Rubiaceae). — Brittonia36: 425–454.
Borhidi, A., 1982: Studies inRondeletieae (Rubiaceae) III. The generaRogiera andArachnothryx. — Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.28: 65–71.
—, 1981a: Studies inRondeletieae (Rubiaceae) I. A new genus:Roigella. — Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.27: 309–312.
—, —, 1981b: Studies inRondeletieae (Rubiaceae) II. A new genus:Suberanthus. — Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung.27: 313–316.
—, —, 1983: Studies inRondeletieae (Rubiaceae), V. Los límites del géneroSuberanthus. — Acta Bot. Hung.29: 29–34.
—, 1983: Studies inRondeletieae (Rubiaceae), IV. A new genus:Javorkaea. — Acta Bot. Hung.29: 13–27.
Bremekamp, C. E. B., 1952: The African species ofOldenlandia L. sensuHiern. etK. Schumann. — Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet., Afd. Nat., Ser. 2,18: 1–297.
—, 1966: Remarks on the position, the delimitation and subdivision of theRubiaceae. — Acta Bot. Neerl.15: 1–33.
Bremer, B., 1987: The sister group of the paleotropical tribeArgostemmateae: a redefined neotropical tribeHamelieae (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae). — Cladistics3: 35–51.
—, 1991: Comparative restriction site mapping of chloroplast DNA implies new phylogenetic relationships withinRubiaceae. — Amer. J. Bot.78: 198–213.
Bridson, D., Verdcourt, B., 1988:Rubiaceae (Part 2). — InPolhill, R. M., (Ed.): Flora of Tropical East Africa. — Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
Candolle, A. P. de, 1807: Memoire sur leCuviera, genre noveau de la famille des Rubiacées. — Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris)9: 216–222.
—, 1830: Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, etc. IV. — Paris: Truettel & Würtz.
Capuron, R., Leroy, J. F., 1978:Paracorynanthe, genre noveau de Rubiacées-Cinchonées malgache. — Adansonia, ser. 2,18: 159–166.
Cronquist, A., 1981: An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. — New York: Columbia University Press.
—, 1988: The evolution and classification of flowering plants. 2nd edn. — Bronx, N. Y.: New York Botanical Garden.
Darwin, S. P., 1976: The subfamilial, tribal and subtribal nomenclature of theRubiaceae. — Taxon25: 595–610.
Dwyer, J. D., 1980: Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 179.Rubiaceae. — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.67: 1–522.
Ehrendorfer, F., 1988: Affinities of the African dendroflora: suggestions from karyo-and chemosystematics. — Monogr. Missouri Bot. Gard.25: 105–127.
Elias, T. S., 1976: A monograph of the genusHamelia (Rubiaceae). — Mem. New York Bot. Gard.26(4): 81–144.
Erdtman, G., 1943: An introduction to pollen analysis. — Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica.
—, 1952: Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. — Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Hallé, N., 1966: Famille des Rubiacées (le partie). — InAubréville, A., (Ed.): Flore du Gabon 12. — Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.
—, 1970: Famille des Rubiacées (2e partie). — InAubréville, A., Leroy, J. F., (Eds.): Flore du Gabon. 17. — Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle.
Homolle, A. M., 1942: Notes sur quelques plantes rares et mal representées de la tribu des Cinchonées (Rubiacées). — Bull. Soc. Bot. France89: 53–57.
Holmgren, P. K., Keuken, W., Schofield, E. K., 1981: Index Herbariorum I. The herbaria of the world. 7th edn. — Regnum Veg.106: 1–452.
Hooker, J. D., 1876:Stilpnophyllum lineatum,Hook. F. — Hooker's Icon. Pl. pl. 1147.
Kirkbride, J. H., Jr., 1985 (1986): ManipulusRubiacearum V. A revision of the genusCapirona. — Acta Amazonica15: 47–60.
Koek-Noorman, J., 1969a: A contribution to the wood anatomy of South American (chiefly Suriname)Rubiaceae. I. — Acta Bot. Neerl.18: 108–137.
—, 1969b: A contribution to the wood anatomy of South American (chiefly Suriname)Rubiaceae II. — Acta Bot. Neerl.18: 377–395.
—, 1970: A contribution to the wood anatomy of theCinchoneae, Coptosapelteae, andNaucleeae (Rubiaceae). — Acat Bot. Neerl.19: 154–164.
—, 1972: The wood anatomy ofGardenieae, Ixoreae andMussaendeae (Rubiaceae). — Acta Bot. Neerl.21: 301–320.
—, 1974: The wood anatomy ofVanguerieae, Cinchoneae, Condamineeae andRondeletieae (Rubiaceae). — Acta Bot. Neerl.23: 627–653.
Krause, K., 1915:Rubiaceae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Ergänzungsheft III (pp. 290–301). — Leipzig: Engelmann.
Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., & al., 1980:Loganiaceae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 28b(I): 1–255. — Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
Moore, S., 1922:Wernhamia. — InHerzog, T., (Ed.): Die von Dr.Th. Herzog auf seiner zweiten Reise durch Bolivien in den Jahren 1910 und 1911 gesammelten Pflanzen. — Medel. Rijks Herb. Leiden46: 22–23.
Naithani, H. B., Bennet, S. S. R., 1981: Interesting distributional records of seven species of flowering plants from Arunchal Pradesh. — Indian J. Forestry4(2): 160–163.
Oliver, D., 1889:Emmenopterys henryi,Oliv. —Hooker's Icon. Pl.29: pl. 1823.
Ridsdale, C. E., 1975: A synopsis of the African and MadagascanRubiaceae-Naucleeae. — Blumea22: 541–553.
—, 1976: A revision of the tribeCephalantheae (Rubiaceae). — Blumea23: 177–188.
—, 1978: A revision ofMitragyna andUncaria. — Blumea24: 43–100.
Robbrecht, E., 1988: Tropical woodyRubiaceae. — Opera Bot. Belgica1: 1–271.
—, 1986: A survey of theGardenieae and related tribes (Rubiaceae). — Bot. Jahrb. Syst.108(1): 63–137.
Rogers, G. K., 1984:Gleasonia, Henriquezia andPlatycarpum (Rubiaceae). — Flora Neotropica39: 1–135.
—, 1987: The genera ofCinchonoideae in the south eastern United States. — J. Arnold Arbor.68: 137–183.
Sandwith, N. Y., 1949: Contributions to the flora of tropical America: XLIX. Notes onRubiaceae. — Kew Bull. 1949: 253–264.
Schumann, K., 1889:Rubiaceae. — InMartius, C. F. P. von, Eichler, A. G., Urban, I., (Eds.): Flora Brasiliensis 6(6). — Leipzig: Fleischer.
—, 1891:Rubiaceae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(4): 1–156. — Leipzig: Engelmann.
—, 1897:Rubiaceae. — InEngler, A., Prantl, K., (Eds.): Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Nachträge zum II.–IV. Teil (pp. 309–316). — Leipzig: Engelmann.
Smith, A. C., Darwin, S. P., 1988:Rubiaceae. — InSmith, A. C., (Ed.): Flora vitiensis nova. A new flora of Fiji4, pp. 143–376. — Lawai, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden.
Standley, P. C., 1911:Blepharidium, a new genus ofRubiaceae from Guatemala. — J. Wash. Acad. Sci.8: 58–60.
- 1918:Rubiaceae. — N. Amer. Fl.32(1).
—, 1930: Studies of American plants — IV. — Publ. Field Mus., Bot.8: 131–236.
—, 1975:Rubiaceae. Flora of Guatemala, part XI, nos. 1–3. — Publ. Field Mus., Bot.24(9): 1–274.
Steyermark, J. A., 1967:Rubiaceae. — InMaguire, B., Wurdack, J. J., (Eds.): Botany of the Guayana Highlands — Part VII. — Mem. New York Bot. Gard.17: 178–285.
—, 1972:Rubiaceae. — InSteyermark J. A., Maguire, B. & al., (Eds.): Botany of the Guayana Highlands — Part IX. — Mem. New York Bot. Gard.23: 227–832.
—, 1974:Rubiaceae. — InLasser, T., Steyermark, J. A., (Eds.): Flora de Venezuela9. — Caracas: Instituto Botánico.
—, 1975: Revision of the genusJoosia (Rubiaceae). — Brittonia27: 251–262.
—,Kirkbride, J. H., Jr., 1975: The genusWittmackanthus (Rubiaceae). — Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.62: 504–509.
Swofford, D. L., 1989: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 3.0f. — Champaign: Illinois Natural History Survey.
Takhtajan, A. L., 1980: Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophyta). — Bot. Rev.46: 225–359.
Taylor, C. M., 1989: Revision ofHillia subg.Ravnia (Rubiaceae: Cinchonoideae). — Selbyana11: 26–34.
Verdcourt, B., 1958: Remarks on the classification of theRubiaceae. — Bull. Rijksplantentuin Bruss.28: 209–281.
—, 1976:Rubiaceae (part 1). — InPolhill, R. M., (Ed.): Flora of Tropical East Africa. — London: Agents for Overseas Governments and Administration.
Weddell, H.-A., 1849: Histoire naturelle des Quinquinas ou monographie du genreCinchona, etc. — Paris: Victor Masson.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andersson, L., Persson, C. Circumscription of the tribeCinchoneae (Rubiaceae)—a cladistic approach. Pl Syst Evol 178, 65–94 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937983
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937983