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Tolerance ofRhizobium phaseoli to acidity, aluminium and manganese

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Summary

Strains ofRhizobium phaseoli were evaluated with respect to their ability to grow or survis when subjected to various stresses common to soils of the tropics. These stresses included low pH, high Al and Mn. In liquid culture 10 strains ofR. phaseoli all grew well at pH 5.0, a few strains grew at pH 4.5 and one at pH 4.0. Some strains grew at pH 4.0 after repeated transfer to medium at this pH, but this characteristic remained stable for only one strain, S-442, which combined a tolerance to low pH with an improved tolerance to Al and Mn compared to the parent strain P-442. Survival studies of S-442 and P-442 in three acidic Brazilian soils, at their natural pH (4.2–4.6) and when limed to near neutral pH, showed little difference in numbers after a 21–30 day period. Only a one log cycle decrease in numbers of P-442 occurred in the Erechim soil that had a 185 μmol/l Al concentration in the soil saturation extract. Strains ofR. phaseoli were screened for their ability to grow in liquid culture at pH 5.0 in the presence of Al up to 100 μmol/l (16 strains) and Mn up to 320 μg/ml (13 strains). Strains differed in relative tolerance to both Al and Mn with some strains being capable of excellent growth at the highest concentrations of Al and Mn employed. With the exception ofR. phaseoli (C-12) the ability to tolerate high levels of Mn did not show any relationship to Al tolerance. It was concluded that soil stress factors need not have a serious impact on survival ofR. phaseoli in soils because sufficient variability in tolerance to these factors occurs naturally among strains.

Résumé

Des souches deRhizobium phaseoli ont été téstées pour leur aptitude à se développer et à survivre lorsqu'elles soumises à diverses contraintes habituelles dans les sols tropicaux, c'est à dire des pH acides et à de fortes teneurs en Al et Mn. En culture liquide, 10 souches deR. phaseoli ont toutes poussé à pH 5,0, un petit nombre à pH 4,5 et une seule à pH 4,0. Certaines souches parviennent, après repiquages répétés, à se developper à pH 4,0; mais ce caractère ne s'est stabilisé que dans le cas d'une seule souche (S-442), qui présente à la fois une résistance à l'acidité et une tolérance accrue à Al et Mn par rapport à la souche originelle P-442. L'étude de la survie de S-442 et P-442 dans trois sols brésiliens acides, à leur pH naturel (4,2–4,6) et après chaulage à pH neutre, n'a montré au bout de 21 à 30 jours que de faibles différences numériques. Dans le sol d'Erechim, où la concentration en Al est de 185 μmol/l, on n'a constaté dans l'extrait de sol à saturation qu'une diminution de la population d'un seul facteur logarithmique. Des souches deR. phaseoli ont été téstées pour leur aptitude à pousser en milieu liquide à pH 5,0 et en présence de concentrations allant jusqu'à 100 μmol/l d'Al (16 souches) et 320 μg/l de Mn (13 souches). Les souches différent en ce qui concerne leur résistance à la fois à Al et à Mn, certaines étant capables de se développer très bien aux concentrations en Al et Mn les plus élevées. A l'exception deR. phaseoli C-12, la tolérance aux fortes concentrations en Mn ne présente aucune corrélation avec la résistance à Al. En conclusion, les facteurs d'agression n'ont pas d'effet important sur la survie deR. phaseoli dans le sol, étant donné que le tolérance des souches à ces facteurs peut varier de façon suffisante.

Resumen

Se evaluaron cepas deRhizobium phaseoli en relación con su habilidad para crecer o sobrevivir bajo las condiciones de stress que son habituales de suelos tropicales. Estas condiciones comprenden bajos pH y altas concentraciones de Al y Mn. Diez cepas deR. phaseoli crecieron bien, en cultivo líquido, a pH: 5; tan solo algunas lo hicieron a pH: 4.5 y únicamente una cepa creció a pH: 4.0. Aunque varias cepas consiguieron crecer a pH: 4.0, tras transferencias sucesivas a un medio con dicho pH, esta característica solo logró establizarse en la cepa S-442 que combinó esta tolerancia a la acidez con un incremento en la tolerancia a Al y Mn comparada con la cepa parental P-442. Se realizaron estudios sobre la supervivencia de las cepas S-442 y P-442 en tres suelose ácidos del Brasil, en estado natural (pH: 4.2–4.6) y neutralizados con cal. Se observaron pocas diferencias cuantitativas al cabo de un periodo de 21–30 dias un solo ciclo Log de P-442 mostró una disminución numérica en un suelo denominado Erechim que contenía 185 mol/l de Al medido en extracto de pasta saturada. Se estudió la capacidad de cepas deR. phaseoli para crecer en cultivo liquido a pH: 5.0 en presencia de hasta 100 μmol/l de Al (16 cepas) y 320 μg/ml de Mn (13cepas), algunas de estas cepas fueron capaces de crecer a las máximas concentraciones de Al y Mn utilizadas. ExceptuandoR. phaseoli (C-12) la tolerancia a niveles altos de Mn no estaba correlacionada con la tolerancia al Al. Se concluyó que estos factores edáficos de stress no deberían de tener efecto alguno en la supervivencia deR. phaseoli en suelo, ya que existe una variabilidad natural de tolerancias a dichos factores suficiente para garantizar esta supervivencia.

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Amara, D.S., Mohjadi, W.A. & Miller, R.H. Tolerance ofRhizobium phaseoli to acidity, aluminium and manganese. Mircen Journal 2, 289–299 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00933495

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