Abstract
The effect of increased concentrations of ambient negative air ions on incidental visual memory for words and purposive auditory memory for dichotic digits was investigated in 20 normal grade 4 children, 8 learning-disabled children, and 8 mildly mentally retarded children. Half in each group were assigned randomly to an unmodified air-placebo condition under double-blind testing procedures. All of the children breathing negatively ionized air were superior in incidental memory. In dichotic listening, the negative ions produced a counter-priming effect in the two learning-impaired groups, offsetting the difficulties that they showed under placebo in switching attention selectively from one ear to the other. The action of negative ions on the neurotransmitter, serotonin, may be the mechanism by which negative ions produce such behavioral effects. In view of the important environmental and remedial implications of these novel findings, interpretations should be made cautiously pending larger scale replications.
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This research was supported by a grant from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. We wish to thank Paul Hunnisett, who was the first person to our knowledge to suggest that negative ions may have an effect on children's behavior. We also thank Dave Patterson, superintendent of Special Services with the Northumberland and Newcastle Board of Education, for supporting this study, and Muriel Fung, OISE, for assistance with the data analysis.
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Morton, L.L., Kershner, J.R. Negative air ionization improves memory and attention in learning-disabled and mentally retarded children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 12, 353–365 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00910673
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00910673