Abstract
Resonance fluorescence from as little as 10 to 20 barium ions, spatially confined in a miniaturized rf quadrupole ion trap, has been detected visually, photographically, and photoelectrically. Gross effects of optical sideband cooling of the ions were observed.
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Neuhauser, W., Hohenstatt, M., Toschek, P.E. et al. Visual observation and optical cooling of electrodynamically contained ions. Appl. Phys. 17, 123–129 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00885243
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00885243