This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Allee, P. A., Sax, R. I., andDelgado, E. (1976),Concentration of Aitken, Cloud Droplet Condensation and Ice Nuclei over Selected Oceanic and Continental Sites, Int. Conf. Cloud Physics, Boulder, 26–30 July.
Bergeron, T. (1960),Possible Man-made Great-scale Modifications of Precipitation Climate in Sudan, Am. Geophys. Union, Geophys. Monograph No. 5, pp. 399–401.
Bergeron, T. (1968),Cloud Physics Research and the Future of Fresh-water Supply of the World, Proc. Int. Conf. Cloud Physics, Toronto, pp. 744–757.
Bertrand, J., Baudet, J. andDrochon, A. (1974),Importance des Aerosols Naturels en Afrique de l'Ouest, J. de Recherches Atmospherique,8, 845–860.
Bodhaine, B., Mendonca, B. G., Miller, J. M., andHarris, J. M. (1981),Aerosols and Atmospheric Transmission: Seasonal Variations at Manna Loa Observatory, Science (submitted).
Brandli, H., andOrndorff, J. W. (1977),Sahara Sand/Dust Cover Equatorial Atlantic, Nat. Weather Dig.2, 19–20.
Burns, F. (1961),Dust Haze in Relation to Pressure Gradients, Meteorol. Mag.90, 223–226.
Carlson, T. N. (1979),Atmospheric Turbidity in Saharan Dust Outbreaks as Determined by Analyses of Satellite Brightness Data, Mon. Weather Rev.107, 322–335.
Carlson, T. N., andBenjamin, S. G. (1979),Radiative Heating Rates for Saharan Dust, J. Atmos. Sci.37, 193–213.
Carlson, T. N., andCaverly, R. S. (1977),Radiative Properties of Saharan Dust at Solar Wavelengths, J. Geophys. Res.82, 3141–3152.
Carlson, T. N., andProspero, J. M. (1972),The Large-scale Movement of Saharan Air Outbreaks over the Equatorial North Atlantic, J. Applied Meteorol.11, 283–297.
Delany, A. C., Delany, A. C., Parkin, D. W., Griffin, J. J., Goldberg, E. D., andReimann, B. E. F. (1967),Airborne Dust Collected at Barbados, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta31, 885–909.
Diaz, H. F., Carlson, T. N., andProspero, J. M. (1976),A Study of the Structure and Dynamics of the Saharan Air Layer over the Northern Equatorial Atlantic during BOMEX, NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL-WMPO-32, pp. 61.
Domergue, J. L. (1980),Contribution a l'Etude des Aerosols Atmospheriques, d'Origine Naturelle en Afrique de l'Ouest. Doctoral thesis, University, Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, Toulouse, France, pp. 165.
Dubief, J. (1979).Review of the North African Climate with Particular Emphasis on the Production of Eolian Dust in the Sahel Zone and in the Sahara. In (ed. C. Morales),Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition. SCOPE Report 14 (John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.), pp. 27–48.
Duce, R., Unni, C. K., Ray, B., Prospero, J. M., andMerrill, J. (1980),Long Range Transport of Soil Atmospheric Dust from Asia to the Tropical North Pacific, Science209, 1522–1524.
El-Fandy, M. G. (1953),On the Physics of Dusty Atmosphere, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.79, 284–287.
Hamilton, R. A., andArchbold, J. W. (1945),Meteorology of Nigeria and Adjacent Territory, Roy. Meteorol. Soc. Quart. J.71, 231–265.
Karyampudi, V. M. (1979),A Detailed Synoptic Scale Study of the Structure, Dynamics and Radiative Effects of the Saharan Air Layer Over the Eastern Tropical Atlantic During the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment. Master's thesis, Penna State Univ., August, pp. 135.
Kalu, A. E. (1979),The African Dust Plume: Its Characteristics and Propagation across West Africa in Winter. In (ed. C. Morales),Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition. SCOPE Report 14 (John Wiley and Sons N.Y.), pp. 95–118.
Lushine, J. (1975),A Dust Layer in the Caribbean, Mon. Weather Rev.103, 454–455.
Mayfield, B. M. (1975),Sahara Dust over the Atlantic, Marine Weather Log19, 346–347.
McDonald, W. F. (1933),Atlas of Climatic Charts of the Oceans. Dept. of Agriculture, Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C.
Morales, C. (1979),The Use of Meteorological Observations for Studies of the Mobilization, Transport and Deposition of Saharan Soil Dust. In (ed. C. Morales),Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition. SCOPE Report 14 (John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.), pp. 119–132.
Patterson, E. M., andGillette, D. A. (1977),Commonalities in Measured Size Distributions for Aerosols Having a Soil Derived Component, J. Geophys. Res.82, 2074–2082.
Patterson, E. M., Gillette, D. A., andStockton, B. H. (1977),Complex Index of Refraction Between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan Aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.82, 3153–3161.
Prospero, J. M. (1979),Mineral and Sea-salt Aerosol Concentrations in Various Ocean Regions, J. Geophys. Res.84, 725–731.
Prospero, J. M. (1981),Eolian Transport to the World Ocean. In (ed. C. Emiliani),The Oceanic Lithosphere: The Sea, Vol. VII (Wiley Interscience, New York), In Press.
Prospero, J. M. (1981b),Arid regions as sources of mineral aerosols in the marine atmosphere. In (ed. T. Pewe),Desert Dust: Origin, Characteristics and Effects on Man (Geological Society of America). (In press).
Prospero, J. M., Bootti, E., Schubert, C., andCarlson, T. N. (1970),Dust in the Caribbean Atmosphere Traced than African Dust Storm, Earth and Plan. Sci. Letters9, 287–293.
Prospero, J. M., andCarlson, T. N. (1972),Vertical and Areal Distribution of Saharan Dust over the Western Equatorial North Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.77, 5255–5265.
Prospero, J. M. andNees, R. T. (1977),Dust Concentration in the Atmosphere of the Equatorial North Atlantic: Possible Relationship to the Sahelian Drought, Science196, 1196–1198.
Prospero, J. M., Savoie, D. L., Carlson, T. N., andNees, R. T. (1979),Monitoring Saharan Aerosol Transport by Means of Atmospheric Turbidity Measurements. In (ed. C. Morales),Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition. SCOPE Report 14 (John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.), pp. 171–186.
Prospero, J. M., Glaccum, R. A., andNees, R. T. (1981),Atmospheric Transport of Soil Dust from Africa to South America, Nature (in press).
Prospero, J. M. (Unpublished data).
Rahn, K. A., Borys, R. D., andShaw, G. E. (1977),The Asian Source of Arctic Haze Bands, Nature268, 713–715.
Samways, J. (1976),Wind over Africa, Geogr. Mag.48, 218–220.
Savoie, D. L., andProspero, J. M. (1977),Aerosol Concentration Statistics for the Northern Tropical Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res.82, 5954–5964.
Wilson, I. G. (1971),Desert Sandflow Basins and a Model for the Development of Ergs, Geogr. J.137, 180–198.
Yaalon, D. H., andGanor, E. (1979),East Mediterranean Trajectories of Dust-carrying Storms from the Sahara and Simai. In (ed. C. Morales),Saharan Dust: Mobilization, Transport, Deposition. SCOPE Report 14 (John Wiley and Sons, N.Y.), pp. 187–193.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Prospero, J.M., Carlson, T.N. Saharan air outbreaks over the tropical North Atlantic. PAGEOPH 119, 677–691 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00878167
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00878167