Abstract
In this short paper we have identified some of the modelling groups that have the capability of simulating or carrying out short range numerical weather prediction over the monsoon belt. We have next outlined some of the important and desirable ingredients for a multilevel primitive equation model over the tropics, with most of the emphasis on the present version of Florida State University's Tropical Prediction Model. Finally, we present briefly some important results based on the present version of our prediction models that relate to the NWP efforts over the monsoon belt. Here we have identified the importance of mountains, convection, the radiative heating balance of the earth's surface, and the planetary boundary layer over the Arabian Sea.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arakawa, A. andSchubert, W. (1974),Interaction of a cumulus ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I, J. Atmos. Sci.31, 674–701.
Carr, Frederick H. (1977),Numerical simulation of a mid-tropospheric cyclone, Report No. 77-1, Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, pp. 1–267.
Chang, C. B. (1977),On the influence of solar radiation and diurnal variation of surface temperature on North African circulations, Report No. 75-2, Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla.
Chu, Jan-Hwa (1977),Vorticity in maritime cumulus clouds and its effects on the large scale budget of vorticity in the tropics. To be published in J. Atmos. Sci.
Deardorff, J. (1972),Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models, Mon. Wea. Rev.100, 93–106.
G-uparpPublication No. 16 (1975),The physical basis of climate and climate modelling, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, pp. 1–265.
Gates, W. L. andNelson, A. B. (1975),A new (revised) tabulation of the Scripps topography on a 1 0 global grid, Part 1 terrain heights, Rand report No.: R-1276-1-ARPA. Rand Corporation, Santa Monica California, pp. 1–132.
Godbole, R. V. (1977),On cumulus-scale transport of horizontal momentum in monsoon depression over Indial (Appears in this issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics.)
Joseph, J. H. (1966),Calculation of radiative heating in numerical general circulation models, Tech. Rept. No. 1, Department of Meteorology, University of California, Los Angeles, pp. 1–60.
Kanamitsu, M. (1975),On numerical prediction over a global tropical belt, Report No. 75-1, Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, pp. 1–282.
Kasahara, A. (1974),Various vertical coordinate systems used for numerical weather prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev.102, 509–522.
Katayama, A. (1972),A simplified scheme for computing radiative transfer in the troposphere, Technical Report No. 6, Department of Meteorology, University of California, Los Angeles, pp. 1–77.
Krishnamurti, T. N., Kanamitsu, Masao, Ceselski, B. andMathur, M. (1973),Florida State University's tropical prediction model, Tellus25, 523–535.
Krishnamurti, T. N., Kanamitsu, M., Godbole, Ramesh, Chang, Chia-bo, Carr, F. andChow, J. H. (1976),Study of a monsoon depression (II). Dynamical structure, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan54, 208–225.
Krishnamurti, T. N., Pan, H. L. andChang, Chia-bo (1977),Numerical prediction of a GATE disturbance, Part II, FSU Report No. 77-4. Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
Krishnamurti, T. N. andWong, V. (1977),A simple numerical model on the boundary layer of the Somali jet (paper in preparation).
Kuo, H. L. (1965),On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection, J. Atmos. Sci.22, 40–63.
Mahrt, L. J. (1972),A numerical study of the influence of the advective accelerations in an idealized, low latitude, planetary boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci.29, 1477–1484.
Murakami, T., Godbole, R. V. andKelkar, R. R.,Numerical simulation of the monsoon along 80°E, inProceedings of the Conference on the Summer Monsoon of Southeast Asia (ed. C. S. Ramage), (Navy Weather Research Facility, Norfolk, Virginia 1970), pp. 39–51.
Phillips, N. A. (1957),A coordinate system having some special advantages for numerical forecasting, J. Meteor.14, 184–185.
Reed, R. J. andJohnson, R. C. (1974),Diagnosis of cloud population properties in tropical easterly waves, Preprints, international tropical meteorology meeting, Nairobi, Kenya. American Meteorological Society, pp. 50–56.
Williams, K. T. andGray, W. M. (1974),Statistical analysis of satellite-observed trade wind cloud clusters in the western North Pacific, Tellus25, 313–337.
Winninghoff, F. J. (1973),Note on a simple restorative-iterative procedure for initialization of a global forecast model, Mon. Wea. Rev.79, 79–84.
Young, J. (1972),Lecture notes on boundary layer on the dynamics of the tropical atmosphere, Nalional Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 411–421.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krishnamurti, T.N., Molinari, J., Pan, HL. et al. Numerical weather prediction relevant to the monsoon problem. PAGEOPH 115, 1357–1372 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874413
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874413