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Influence of the El Chichon eruption in Central Europe determined as change in atmospheric transparency at Davos, Switzerland

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Summary

From the beginning of 1982, new instrumentation for the continuous measurement of direct solar irradiance has been installed at Davos, Switzerland. From these data the atmospheric transmission, computed by the so-called ratioing technique, is presented. The truly continuous recording allows the establishment of a very homogeneous data set by applying selection rules according to well defined criteria. With the long-term record of the atmospheric transparency (1909–1970) as reference, the influence of the stratospheric aerosol cloud produced by the El Chichon eruption in Mexico 1982 can be readily identified, and also quantified by comparison with LIDAR measurements made in Southern Germany during the same period of time. Other significant decreases of the transparency are found during spring 1984 and winter/spring 1985. As these are not seen in the LIDAR data they must have their origin in the troposphere.

Zusammenfassung

Eine neue Einrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Sonnenstrahlungsmessung wurde 1982 in Davos installiert. Aus den damit gemessenen Daten kann die atmosphärische Transmission mit der sogenannten Verhältnismethode bestimmt werden. Die wirklich kontinuierlichen Aufzeichnungen erlauben, eine sehr homogene Zeitreihe aufzustellen, indem die Daten nach eindeutig definierten Kriterien ausgewählt werden können. Der Vergleich der Transmission 1982–1985 mit dem langjährigen Mittel (1909–1970) zeigt eine Verminderung der Transmission durch die nach Europa verfrachteten Staubwolken der El Chichon Eruptionen in Mexiko und der Vergleich mit LIDAR-Daten läßt diesen Einfluß auch quantitativ beurteilen. Weitere Veränderungen der Transparenz wurden während des Frühjahrs 1984 und im Winter 1985 festgestellt, die aber wahrscheinlich troposphärischen Ursprungs sind.

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Heimo, A., Fröhlich, C. Influence of the El Chichon eruption in Central Europe determined as change in atmospheric transparency at Davos, Switzerland. Theor Appl Climatol 40, 3–7 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00867787

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00867787

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