Abstract
Normal urine contains small amounts of glucose, called basal glucosuria, and other carbohydrates. Increased amounts of glucose beyond the basal excretion rates i.e. frank glucosuria, reflect reduced activity of tubular glucose reabsorption. Clinically, there are two conditions which are known to appear with a primary disturbance of epithelial glucose transport: intestinal glucose-galactose malabsorption and benign familial renal glucosuria. In the latter, both the renal threshold for glucose and maximal tubular glucose reabsorption are diminished. The degree of glucosuria is variable; the most severe defect demonstrates minimal glucose threshold values and extremely low levels of maximal glucose reabsorption (type 0). The moderate and mild types show variable reductions of both functional parameters. It is questionable whether these should be subdivided into type A and type B glucosurias. Data in the literature reveal that two distinct entities do not exist, but that there is instead a continuous transition from low to normal values. The defect is transmitted genetically, either in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. It seems plausible that the different defects might be produced either by mutations on different gene loci, or by multiple alleles of the same gene locus that determines the synthesis of the glucose carrier.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brodehl J (1978) Renal glucosuria. In: Edelmann CM (ed) Pediatric kidney disease. Little, Brown & Co., Boston: pp 1036–1047
Wen S-F (1986) Glycosuria. In: Gonick HC, Buckalew VM (eds) Renal tubular disorders. Dekker, New York, Basel, pp 159–199
Middleton JE, Griffith WJ (1957) Rapid colorimetric micro-method for estimating glucose in blood and CSF using glucose oxidase. Br Med J 2: 1525–1527
Peterson JI, Young DS (1968) Evaluation of the hexokinase/ glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method of determination of glucose in urine. Anal Biochem 23: 301–316
Elsas LJ, Rosenberg LE (1969) Familial renal glucosuria: a genetic reappraisal of hexose transport by kidney and intestine. J Clin Invest 48: 1845–1854
Keller DM (1968) Glucose excretion in man and dog. Nephron 5: 43–66
Renschler HE, Weicker H, von Bayer H (1965) Die obere Normgrenze der Glukose-Konzentration im Urin Gesunder. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 90: 2349–2353
Bachmann KD, Dominick H (1970) Über die Ausscheidung von Glukose und Fruktose im Harn der reifen Neugeborenen (enzymatische Bestimmungen). Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 118: 290–292
Arant BS jr (1978) Developmental patterns of renal functional maturation compared in the human neonate. J Pediatr 92: 705–712
Brodehl J (1978) Renal hyperaminoacidurias. In: Edelmann CM (ed) Pediatric kidney disease. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, pp 1047–1079
Smith H (1958) The kidney. Oxford University Press, London
Reubi F (1963) Clearance tests in clinical medicine. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois
Soler NG, Malins JM (1971) Prevalence of lucosuria in normal pregnancy—a quantitative study. Lancet I: 619–621
Elsas LJ, Rosenberg LE (1979) Renal glycosuria. In: Earley LE, Gottschalk CW (eds) Strauss and Welt's diseases of the kidney, 3rd edn. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, pp 1021–1028
De Marchi S, Cecchin E, Basile A, Proto G, Donadon W, Jengo A, Schinella D, Jus A, Villalta D, De Pauli P, Santini G, Tesio F (1984) Close genetic linkage between HLA and renal glucosuria. Am J Nephrol 4: 280–286
McPhaul JJ, Simonaitis JJ (1968) Observations on the mechanisms of glucosuria during glucose loads in normal and nondiabetic subjects. J Clin Invest 47: 702–711
Stonestreet BS, Rubin L, Pollak A, Cowett RM, Oh W (1980) Renal function of low birth weight infants with hyperglycemia and glucosuria produced by glucose infusions. Pediatrics 66: 561–567
Walker AM, Bott PA, Oliver J, Mac Dowell MC (1941) The collection and analysis of fluid from single nephrons of the mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol 134: 580–595
Stolte H, Hare D, Boylan JW (1972) D-Glucose and fluid reabsorption in proximal surface tubule of the rat kidney. Pflüers Arch 334: 193–206
Wen SF (1976) Micropuncture studies of glucose transport in the dog: mechanism of renal glycosuria. Am J Physiol 231: 468–475
Brodehl J, Franken A, Gellissen K (1972) Maximal tubular reabsorption of glucose in infants and children. Acta Paediatr Scand 61: 413–420
Tudvad F (1949) Sugar reabsorption in prematures and full term babies. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1: 281–283
Marble A (1971) Nondiabetic melituria. In: Marble A, White P, Bradley RF, Krall LP (eds) Joslin's diabetes mellitus. 11th edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia
Elsas LJ, Hillman RE, Patterson JH, Rosenberg LE (1970) Renal and intestinal hexose transport in familial glucosegalactose malabsorption. J Clin Invest 49: 576–585
Froesch ER, Winegrad AI, Renold AF (1957) Die tubuläre Nierenfunktion bei verschiedenenFormen des renalen Diabetes mellitus. Helv Med Acta 24: 548–555
Oemar BS, Byrd DJ, Brodehl J (1987) Complete absence of tubular glucose reabsorption: a new type of renal glucosuria (type 0). Clin Nephrol 27: 156–160
Woolf LI, Goodwin BL, Phelps CE (1966) Tm-limited renal tubular reabsorption and the genetics of renal glucosuria. J Theor Biol 11: 10–21
Nielsen AL (1948) On the mechanism of glycosuria. I. Acta Med Scand 130: 219–231
Reubi F (1984) Nierenkrankheiten, 3rd edn. Huber, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, p 270
Taggart JV (1956) Combined clinics on disorders of renal tubular function. Am J Med 20: 448–461
Monasterio G, Oliver J, Muiesan G, Pardelli G, Marinozzi V, MacDowell M (1964) Renal diabetes as a congenital tubular dysplasia. Am J Med 37: 44–61
Krane SM (1978) Renal glycosuria. In: Stanbury JB, Wyngaarden JB, Fredrickson DS (eds) The metabolic basis of inherited disease, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 1607–1617
Hjarne VA (1927) Study of orthoglycaemic glucosuria with particular reference to its hereditability. Acta Med Scand 67: 422–571
Horowitz L, Schwarzer L (1955) Renal glycosuria. J Pediatr 47: 634–639
Khachadurian AK, Khachadurian LA (1964) The inheritance of renal glycosuria. Am J Hum Genet 16: 189–194
Elsas LJ, Busse D, Rosenberg LE (1971) Autosomal recessive inheritance of renal glycosuria. Metabolism 20: 968–975
Lestradet H, Labrune B, Duval C, Deschamps I (1979) Le diabete renal. A propos de 103 observations chez l'enfant. Arch Fr Pediatr 36: 760–766
Bradley SE, Bradley GP, Tyson CJ, Curry JJ, Blake WD (1950) Renal function in renal diseases. Am J Med 9: 766–798
Leonardi P, Ruol A, Munari R (1960) Morphological aspects of renal gluycosuria. Am J Med Sci 239: 721–727
Robertson JA, Gray CH (1953) Renal function tests in renal glucosuria including observations during pregnancy. Lancet II: 15–16
Lambert PP (1954) A study of the mechanism by which toxic tubular damage changes the renal threshold. In: Lewis AAG, Wolstenhome GEW (eds) Ciba Foundation Symposium on the Kidney. Little, Brown and Co., Boston, pp 79–95
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brodehl, J., Oemar, B.S. & Hoyer, P.F. Renal glucosuria. Pediatr Nephrol 1, 502–508 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849261
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849261