Skip to main content
Log in

Head regeneration and polarity reversal inHydra attenuata can occur in the absence of DNA synthesis

  • Published:
Wilhelm Roux's archives of developmental biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Regeneration in hydra is considered to be morphallactic because it can occur in the absence of cell division. Whether DNA synthesis is required for regeneration or other repatterning events is not known. The question was investigated by blocking DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea and examining several developmental processes. Head regeneration, reversal of regeneration polarity and battery cell differentiation all took place in the absence of DNA synthesis. Hence, morphallactic regulation in hydra is independent of both DNA synthesis and mitosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Berking S (1979) Control of nerve cell formation from multipotent stem cells in hydra. J Cell Sci 40:198–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode HR, David CN (1978) Regulation of a multipotent stem cell, the interstitial cell of Hydra. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 33:198–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Bode HR, Flick KM, Smith GS (1976) Regulation of interstitial cell differentiation in Hydra attenuata. I. Homeostatic control of interstitial cell population size. J Cell Sci 20:29–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell RD (1965) Proliferation in Hydra: An autoradiographic approach. Science 148:1231–1232

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell RD (1967) Tissue dynamics of steady state growth in Hydra littoralis. III. Behavior of specific cell types during tissue movements. J Exp Zool 164:379–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell RD (1973) Vital marking of single cells in developing tissues: India ink injection to trace tissue movements in Hydra. J Cell Sci 13:651–661

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell RD, David CN (1974) Cell cycle kinetics and development of Hydra attenuata. II. Interstitial cells. J Cell Sci 16:349–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson SG (1969) Nucleic acid and protein synthesis and pattern regulation in hydra. II. Effect of inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on hypostome formation. J Embryol Exp Morphol 21:55–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke J (1973) Morphogenesis and regulation in spite of continued mitotic inhibition in Xenopus embryos. Nature 242:55–57

    Google Scholar 

  • David CN (1973) A quantitative method of maceration of Hydra tissue. Wilhelm Roux's Arch 171:259–268

    Google Scholar 

  • David CN, Campbell RD (1972) Cell cycle kinetics and development of Hydra attenuata. I. Epithelial cells. J Cell Sci 11:557–568

    Google Scholar 

  • David CN, Murphy S (1977) Characterization of interstitial stem cells in hydra by cloning. Dev Biol 48:372–383

    Google Scholar 

  • Diehl FA, Burnett AL (1965) The role of interstitial cells in the maintenance of hydra. III. Regeneration of hypostome and tentacles. J Exp Zool 158:299–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujisawa T, David CN (1981) Commitment during nematocyte differentiation in Hydra. J Cell Sci 48:207–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Gambari R, Marks P, Rifkind R (1979) Murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation: relationship of globin gene expression and of prolongation of G1 to inducer effects during G1/early S. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:4511–4515

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham TM (1974) DNA synthesis and effects of hydroxyurea on regenerating Hydra. Trans Ill State Acad Sci 67:222–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicklin J, Wolpert L (1973) Positional information and pattern regulation in Hydra: The effect of radiation. J Embryol Exp Morphol 30:741–752

    Google Scholar 

  • Humason GL (1962) Animal tissue techniques. Freeman WH and Company, p 569

  • Jones PA, Taylor SM (1980) Cellular differentiation, cytidine analogs and DNA methylation. Cell 20:85–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesh-Laurie GE, Brooks DC, Kaplan ER (1976) Biosynthetic events of hydroid regeneration. I. The role of DNA synthesis during tentacle elaboration. Wilhelm Roux's Arch 180:157–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Linkhart T, Clegg C, Hauschka S (1980) Control of mouse myoblast commitment to terminal differentiation by mitogens. In: Cunningham D (eds) ICN/UCLA symposium un control of cell division and differentiation. Keystone, Colorado

  • Loomis WF, Lenhoff HM (1956) Growth and sexual differentiation of Hydra in mass culture. J Exp Zool 132:555–573

    Google Scholar 

  • MacWilliams HK (1983) Hydra transplantation phenomena and the mechanism of Hydra head regeneration. II. Properties of head activation. Dev Biol 96:239–257

    Google Scholar 

  • MacWilliams HK, Bonner JT (1979) The prestalk-prespore pattern in cellular slime molds. Differentiation 14:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcum BA, Campbell RD (1978a) Development of hydra lacking nerves and interstitial cells. J Cell Sci 29:17–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcum BA, Campbell RD (1978b) Developmental roles of epithelial cell lineages in Hydra: analysis of chimera. J Cell Sci 32:233–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcum BA, Campbell RD, Romero J (1977) Polarity reversal in nerve-free hydra. Science 197:771–773

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan TH (1901) Regeneration in the egg, embryo and adult. Am Natur 35:949–973

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadal-Ginard B (1978) Commitment, fusion and biochemical differentiation of a myogenic cell line in the absence of DNA synthesis. Cell 15:355–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Park HD, Ortmeyer AB, Blankenbaker DP (1970) Cell division during regeneration in Hydra. Nature 177:617–619

    Google Scholar 

  • Razin A, Riggs AD (1980) DNA methylation and gene function. Science 210:604–610

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin DI, Bode HR (1982a) The aberrant, a morphological mutant of Hydra attenuata, has altered inhibition properties. Dev Biol 89:316–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin DI, Bode HR (1982b) Both the epithelial cells and the nerve cells are involved in the head inhibition properties in Hydra attenuata. Dev Biol 89:332–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacks PG, Davis LE (1979) Production of nerveless Hydra attenuata by hydroxyurea treatments. J Cell Sci 37:189–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaller HC, Gierer G (1973) Distribution of the head-activating substance in hydra and its localization in membranous particles in nerve cells. J Embryol Exp Morphol 29:39–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith GH, Vonderhaar BK (1981) Functional differentiation in mouse mammary gland epithelium is attained through DNA synthesis, inconsequent of mitosis. Dev Biol 88:167–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Takano J, Sugiyama T (1984) Genetic analysis of developmental mechanisms in hydra. XII. Analysis of chimeric hydra produced from a normal and a slow-budding strain (L4). J Embryol Exp Morphol 80:155–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Venugopal G, David CN (1981) Nerve commitment in Hydra. II. Localization of commitment in S. Dev Biol 83:361–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Vonderhaar B, Topper Y (1974) A role of the cell cycle in hormone-dependent differentiation. J Cell Biol 63:707–712

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilby OR, Webster G (1970) Experimental studies on axial polarity in Hydra. J Embryol Exp Morphol 24:595–613

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaross MS, Baca BA, Chow MH, Bode HR (1982) Commitment of Hydra interstitial cells to nerve cell differentiation occurs by late S-phase. Dev Biol 89:425–436

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cummings, S.G., Bode, H.R. Head regeneration and polarity reversal inHydra attenuata can occur in the absence of DNA synthesis. Wilhelm Roux' Archiv 194, 79–86 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00848347

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00848347

Key words

Navigation