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Glutamate, learning and dementia-selection of evidence

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Summary

Initial suggestions on the involvement of glutamate in memory came from electrophysiological studies on LTP that is blocked by NMDA-antagonists. Then Morris and colleagues (1986) provided the first evidence that icv infusion of the competitive NMDA antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) to rats, inhibits both LTP in vivo and spatial learning in a Morris water maze. This was followed by a great amount of evidence confirming the initial finding in various learning tasks. The present paper is devoted to critical review of the literature focusing on the following problems: which glutamate receptors are involved?, in which tests NMDA antagonists inhibit learning?; which types of memory are affected?; which brain structures are involved?; do NMDA receptor antagonists invariably impair learning?; is the effect of NMDA receptors antagonists on learning specific?; does the stimulation of NMDA receptors result in cognitive enhancement?.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Merz + Co, P.O. Box 11 13 53, D-60048, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

    W. Danysz

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden

    T. Archer

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Danysz, W., Archer, T. Glutamate, learning and dementia-selection of evidence. Amino Acids 7, 147–163 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00814157

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