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On two “self-creation” cosmologies

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Abstract

An attempt to produce a continuous creation theory by adapting the Brans-Dicke theory is described. The universe is seen to be created out of self-contained gravitational, scalar, and matter fields. However, the solution of the one-body problem reveals unsatisfactory characteristics of the theory, and in particular the principle of equivalence is severely violated. A second theory is described which retains the attractive features of the first theory and which does not fall foul of its objections. There do exist empirical tests for the theory which are described and which will require further examination. In the limit this theory approaches general relativity in every respect.

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Abbreviations

□2 gf :

the invariant d'Alembertian

t 0 :

Hubble time

H :

Hubble's constant

φ :

scalar field

λ :

coupling constant

T Mμν :

energy-momentum tensor of matter and nongravitational energy, and nonscalar field energy

T Mφν :

energy-momentum tensor of scalar field energy

T Mμν :

covariant form

T M μν :

contravariant form

T M μ ν :

mixed form

T M λ λ :

T M σ σ trace

T M μ ν;μ :

covariant differentiation

\(\dot \phi ;^v \) :

contravariant differentiation

T μν :

Ricci tensor

R :

curvature scalar (in tensorial equations)

δμ ν :

Kronecker symbol

θ(φ) :

a function ofφ used in the text

ϱ :

density

p :

pressure

gμν :

the metric tensor

R(t) :

scale factor (in cosmological equations)

U μ :

the fluid 4-velocity (covariant)

U μ :

the fluid 4-velocity (contravariant)

\(\dot \phi \dot R\) :

functions differentiated once with respect to time (\(\ddot \phi \ddot R\), differenciated twice)

k :

the Robertson-Walker curvature constant=+1, 0, or −1

∝ :

proportional to

g :

gravitational coefficient

ξ :

parameter

θ :

angle of deflection, or coordinate

ψ :

angle of precession or coordinate

ζ :

angle of precession

G v :

the force density

δ3(ϰ − ϰ n (t)):

the Dirac delta function

τ :

proper time

K :

an unknown function definingG

Δϕ :

total angle of deflection

r 0 :

minimum radius of approach of a light ray grazing the sun

References

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  4. Dirac, P. A. M. (1974). Cosmological models and the large numbers hypothesis,Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A,338, 439–446.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. City of London Polytechnic, The Chaplaincy, Calcutta House Precinct, Old Castle Street, E1 7NT, London, England

    Garth A. Barber

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  1. Garth A. Barber
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Barber, G.A. On two “self-creation” cosmologies. Gen Relat Gravit 14, 117–136 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00756918

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00756918

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