Abstract
The specific heatC(X, T) of quench-condensed films of H2 has been measured as a function of ortho concentration X with 0.28<X<0.75 for coverages between 24.3 and 92.3 Å−2 at temperatures between 0.4 and 3.0 K. The films were condensed on evaporated gold substrates held at several temperaturesT. cond between 1.0 and 3.5 K. The observed specific heat is attributed to orientational ordering of the ortho-H2 molecules. For the films withX = 0.74 condensed atT cond>2.5 K, there is a peak which indicates a bulk-like ordering transition. At temperatures below the peak, there is a large contribution toC, which is not present in bulk H2, and which we attribute to short-range ordering size effects. AsT cond is decreased below 2.5 K, the shape of the specific heat curve changes, and the peak at 1.5 K is replaced by a gradual rise with a sharp drop above 2.6 K. Despite this strong dependence ofC onT cond, the entropy per molecule at 3 K is only weakly dependent onT cond and comparable to that for bulk H2. Film annealing at 3.4 K produces a change in the specific heat curve, and a study of this effect is presented. The ortho-para conversion rate of the films condensed at the various temperatures is found to be same as in bulk, well-annealed H2. As in bulk H2, the transition temperature inferred from the location of the specific heat peak or anomaly decreases withX. Unlike in bulk H2, there is no temperature hysteresis inC for any of the quench-condensed films. This implies that the ordering transitions are not accompanied by a martensitic transformation.
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Birmingham, J.T., Richards, P.L. & Meyer, H. Specific heat of quench-condensed hydrogen films. J Low Temp Phys 103, 183–208 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00755976
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00755976