Abstract
In this paper we report Italian data on X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) collected from 1985 to 1997. This disease appears to be the most common of the peroxisomal disorders and is associated with a functional defect of the peroxisomal very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) oxidation. In Italy 117 cases have been recognized, but many cases may be unrecognized due to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations that vary from mild to very severe forms. To control the devastating course of this disease two therapeutic approaches are under evaluation: bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and dietary treatment based on a mixture of glyceroyl trioleate (GTO) and glyceroyl trierucate (GTE). Our experience of 68 subjects submitted to dietary treatment shows that almost all patients with signs of cerebral involvement at the beginning of treatment worsened or died, patients with the milder form, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), remained stable, while 4 of the 15 presymptomatic subjects developed neurological signs of the disease. In recent years a more accurate selection of patients and donors for BMT has given favourable results, but some strict criteria should be respected.
Sommario
In questo articolo sono riportati i dati riguardanti una casistica di pazienti affetti da adrenoleucodistrofia raccolti net periodo 1985–1997. Questo è il più frequente dei disordini perossisomiali ed è associato ad un difetto funzionale dell'ossidazione degli acidi grassi a lunga catena (VLCFA). In Italia sono stati identificati 117 casi, ma molti soggetti potrebbero essere sfuggiti alla diagnosi a causa dell'eterogeneita delle manifestazioni cliniche che possono essere lievi o estremamente gravi. Due differenti approcci terapeutici sono in corso di studio: il trapianto di midollo osseo e un trattamento dietetico costituito da una miscela di trioleato e trierucato. La nostra esperienza in 68 soggetti sottoposti al trattamento dietetico mostra che quasi tutti i pazienti con evidenti segni cerebrali al momento dell'inizio del trattamento sono peggiorati o deceduti, i pazienti con la forma piu lieve, l'adrenomieloneuropatia, rimangono in condizioni stabili, mentre 4 dei 15 soggetti presintomatici hanno sviluppato i segni neurologici della malattia. Per quanto riguarda i risultati ottenuti con il trapianto di midollo, si osserva the la piú accurata selezione dei pazienti e dei donatori attuata in questi ultimi anni ha permesso di ottenere risultati incoraggianti con questo tentativo terapeutico.
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Di Biase, A., Salvati, S., Avellino, C. et al. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: first report of the Italian Study Group. Ital J Neuro Sci 19, 315–319 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00713859
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00713859