Abstract
Significant changes in the intracellular concentrations of adenosine phosphates and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides were observed during fermentation of grape must by three different strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae: S. cerevisiae var.cerevisiae, a typical fermentative yeast strain and two flor-veil-forming strains,S. cerevisiae var.bayanus andS. cerevisiae var.capensis. The intracellular concentration of ATP was always higher inS. cerevisiae var.cerevisiae than in the flor-veil-forming strains. NAD+ and NADP+ concentrations decreased at faster rates in the flor-veil-forming yeasts than in the other yeast but NADH concentration was the same in all yeasts for the first 10 days of fermentation. NADPH concentration was always lower inS. cerevisiae var.cerevisiae than in the other yeasts and this yeast also showed higher rates of growth and fermentation during the early stages of the fermentation and the presence of non-viable cells at the end of fermentation. In contrast, the flor-veil-forming strains maintained growth and fermentation capabilities for a relatively long time and viable cells were present throughout the entire fermentation process (31 days).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
BallW.J. & AtkinsonD.E. 1975 Adenylate energy charge inSaccharomyces cerevisiae during starvation.Journal of Bacteriology 121, 975–982.
BeavanM.J., CharpentierC. & RoseA.H. 1982 Production and tolerance of ethanol in relation to phospholipid fatty-acyl composition inSaccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 431.Journal of General Microbiology 128, 1447–1455.
BusturiaA. & LagunasR. 1986 Catabolite inactivation of the glucose transport system inSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Journal of General Microbiology 132, 379–385.
CartwightC.P., JuroszekJ.R., BeavanM.J., RubyF.M.S., DeMoraisS.M.F. & RoseA.H. 1986 Ethanol dissipates the proton-motrice force across the plasma membrane ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Journal of General Microbiology 132, 367–377.
ChaparroA., MaldonadoJ.M., DiezJ.M., RelimpioM.A. & LosadaM. 1976 Nitrate reductase inactivation and reducing power and energy charge inChlorella cells.Plant Science Letters 6, 335–342.
CrowellE.A. & OughC.S. 1979 A modified procedure for alcohol determination by dichromate oxidation.American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 30, 61–63.
DombekK.M. & IngramL.O. 1987 Ethanol production during batch fermentation withSaccharomyces cerevisiae: changes in glycolytic enzymes and internal pH.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 1286–1291.
DombekK.M. & IngramL.O. 1988 Intracellular accumulation of AMP as a cause for the decline in rate of ethanol production bySaccharomyces cerevisiae during batch fermentation.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, 98–104.
FlavioA., DombekK.M. & IngramL.O. 1989 Regulation of glycolytic flux and ethanol production inSaccharomyces cerevisiae: effects of intracellular adenine nucleotide concentrations on the in vitro activities of hexokinase, phosphofructo kinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and pyruvate kinase.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 1312–1314.
FrancoC.M.M., SmithJ.E. & BerryR.D. 1984 Effect of nitrogen and phosphate on levels of intermediates in bakers' yeast grown in continuous culture.Journal of General Microbiology 130, 2465–2472.
GancedoC. & SerranoR. 1989 Energy-yielding metabolism. InThe Yeasts: Metabolism and Physiology of Yeasts, eds RoseA.H. & HarrisonJ.S., pp. 204–259. London: Academic Press.
García MaiquezE. 1988Lés Levures de Voile dans l'Elaboration des Vins de Xérès. Paris: Office International de la Vigne et du Vin.
JimenezJ. & BenitezT. 1987 Adaptation of yeast membranes to ethanol.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 1196–1198.
Kreger-van RijN.J.W. 1984The Yeasts. A Taxonomic Study. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
Lafon-LafourcadeS., GeneixC. & Ribereau-GayonP. 1984 Inhibition of alcoholic fermentation of grape must by fatty acids produced by yeasts and their elimination by yeast ghosts.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47, 1246–1249.
LagunasR. 1986 Misconceptions about the energy metabolism ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Yeast 2, 221–228.
LarueF., Lafon-LafourcadeS. & Ribereau-GayonP. 1980 Relationship between the sterol content of yeast cells and their fermentation activity in grape must.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39, 808–811.
LarueF., Lafon-LafourcadeS. & Ribereau-GayonP. 1984 Relationship between the inhibition of alcoholic fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae and the activities of hexokinase and alcohol dehydrogenase.Biotechnology Letters 6, 687–692.
LeaoC. & VanUdenN. 1984 Effects of ethanol and other alkanols on passive proton influx in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 774, 43–48.
LeaoC. & VanUdenN. 1985 Effects of ethanol and other alkanols on the temperature relations of glucose transport and fermentation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 22, 359–363.
MauricioJ.C., ArroyoM., MillánC. & OrtegaJ.M. 1990 Relationship between the phospholipid and sterol contents inSaccharomyces cerevisiae andTorulaspora delbrueckii and their permanence during the fermentation of musts from grapes of Pedro ximenez variety.Biotechnology Letters 12, 265–270.
MauricioJ.C., MorenoJ., MedinaM. & OrtegaJ.M. 1986 Fermentation of Pedro Ximenez must at various temperatures and different degrees of ripeness.Belgian Journal of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology 41, 71–76.
MauricioJ.C. & SalmonJ.M. 1992 Rapid spectrophotometric determination of the exponential constant of ethanol-enhanced proton diffusion in yeasts.Biotechnology Techniques 6, 27–32.
MillánC. & OrtegaJ.M. 1988 Production of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid in wine by various yeast races: role of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase.American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 39, 107–112.
PampulhaM.E. & Loureiro-DiazM.C. 1990 Activity of glycolytic enzymes ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of acetic acid.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 34, 375–380.
PolakisD.S. & BartleyW. 1966 Changes in the intracellular concentrations of adenosine phosphates and nicotinamide nucleotides during the aerobic growth cycle of yeast on different carbon sources.Journal of Biotechnology 99, 521–533.
SahaR.B. 1988 Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide content of brewer's yeast during different stages of fermentation.American Society of Brewing Chemists Journal 46, 72–76.
SalmonJ.M. 1989 Effect of sugar transport inactivation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae on sluggish and stuck enological fermentations.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 953–958.
SalmonJ.M., VincentO., MauricioJ.C., BelyM. & BarreP. 1993 Sugar transport inhibition and apparent loss of activity inSaccharomyces cerevisiae as a major limiting factor of enological fermentations.American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 44, 56–64.
SlaterT.F. & SwayerB. 1962 Colorimetric method for estimating the pyridine nucleotide content of small amounts of animal tissues.Nature 193, 454–461.
VanDijkenJ.P. & ScheffersW.A. 1986 Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts.FEMS Microbiology Reviews 32, 199–224.
Additional information
The authors are with the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno s/n, 14004-Córdoba, Spain
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mauricio, J.C., Pareja, M. & Ortega, J.M. Changes in the intracellular concentrations of the adenosine phosphates and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae during batch fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 11, 196–201 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00704648
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00704648