Abstract
A consecutive series of restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis was reviewed to determine whether an emergency restorative proctocolectomy procedure leads to a higher morbidity, more especially anastomotic leakage. Severity of illness and nature of surgery were divided in two categories: (1) no acute disease and elective surgery (18 patients), (2) acute disease requiring emergency surgery either immediately or within one week of admission (12 patients). Morbidity after elective surgery was 27% and after emergency surgery 66% (P<0.06). Pouch-anal leakage occurred in 11% and 41% respectively (P=0.08). Five risk factors significantly influenced the leak rate including preoperative white blood cell count>10000/μl (P<0.02), urgent nature of surgery (P<0.02), the combination of leucocytosis and urgent nature of surgery (P=0.02), the combination of leucocytosis and preoperative corticosteroid dose equivalent to ≥200 mg hydrocortisone/24 h (P=0.006), postoperative pelvic haematoma (P<0.05). In conclusion, restorative proctocolectomy is contraindicated in emergency circumstances, especially in patients with signs of sepsis on a high corticosteroid dose. To reduce operative risk and number of procedures required, patients with relapsing ulcerative colitis should be referred for restorative proctocolectomy while being in remission.
Résumé
Une série consécutive de proctocolectomies totales pour colite ulcéro-hémorragique avec reconstruction iléo-anale a été étudiée afin de déterminer si le geste chirurgical réalisé en urgence entraine une morbidité plus élevée et des fuites anastomotiques plus fréquentes. La sévérité de l'affection et la nature du geste chirurgical ont été regroupées en deux catégories: (1) pas d'affection aigüe et chirurgie élective (18 patients), (2) affection aigüe nécessitant un geste chirurgical en urgence soit immédiatement soit dans la semaine qui suit l'admission (12 patients). La morbidité après chirurgie élective était de 27% et après chirurgie d'urgence de 66% (P<0,06). Des fuites anastomotiques au niveau de la poche sont survenues venues respectivement dans 11% et 41% (P=0,08). Cinq facteurs influencent de manière significative le taux de fuites anastomotiques: leucocytose pré-opératoire supérieure à 10.000/ml (P<0,02), la nature urgente de la chirurgie (P<0,02), la combinaison d'une hyperleucocytose et d'un geste chirurgical en urgence (P=0,02), la combinaison d'une hyperleucocytose et de la prise de corticostéroides en une dose équivalent à plus de 200 mg d'hydrocortisone par 24 h (P=0,006), un hématome pelvien post-opératoire (P<0,05). En conclusion, le rétablissement immédiat de la continuité après proctocolectomie est contre-indiqué en urgence, particulièrement chez des patients qui présentent des signes septiques sous des doses élevées de corticoides. Afin de réduire le risque opératoire et le nombre de temps chirurgicaux, les patients présentant des poussées itératives de colite ulcéro-hémorragique devraient être adressés pour une chirurgie avec rétablissement de la continuité au cours d'une phase de rémission de la maladie.
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Heyvaert, G., Penninckx, F., Filex, L. et al. Restorative proctocolectomy in elective and emergency cases of ulcerative colitis. Int J Colorect Dis 9, 73–76 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00699416
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00699416