Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Passive Q-switching and mode-locking for the generation of nanosecond to femtosecond pulses

  • Photonic Switches for Lasers and Optical Processors II
  • Published:
Applied Physics B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The passive and hybrid Q-switching and mode-locking of solid-state lasers, dye lasers, semiconductor lasers and gas lasers is reviewed. The dynamics of saturable absorbers and reverse saturable absorbers is illustrated. The nanosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid Q-switching of low-gain active media is described. The picosecond and femtosecond pulse generation by passive and hybrid mode-locking in low-gain and high-gain active media is analysed. The performance data of passively and hybridly mode-locked cw femtosecond dye lasers are collected. The pulse shortening of ultra-fast pulses with saturable absorbers in intra-cavity and extra-cavity configurations is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C.R. Giuliano, L.D. Hess: IEEE, J. QE-3, 358 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Hercher: Appl. Opt.6, 947 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  3. J.D. Macomber: J. Appl. Phys.38, 3525 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  4. M. Hercher, W. Chu, D.L. Stockman: IEEE J. QE-4, 954 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  5. L. Huff, L.G. DeShazer: J. Opt. Soc. Am.60, 157 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. Schüller, H. Puell: Opt. Commun.3, 352 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  7. N.J. Frigo: IEEE J. QE.-19, 511 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. Gröninger, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Quant. Electron.16, 225 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  9. K.P.J. Reddy: Opt. Quant. Electron.19, 203 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  10. W.G. Wagner, B.A. Lengyel: J. Appl. Phys.3, 2040 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  11. L.E. Erickson, A. Szabo: J. Appl. Phys.37, 4953 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  12. B.A. Lengyel:Lasers 2nd edn. (Wiley, New York 1971)

    Google Scholar 

  13. P.G. Kryukov, V.S. Letokhov: Sov. Phys. Usp.12, 641 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  14. P.G. Kryukov, V.S. Letokhov: IEEE J. QE.-8, 766 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  15. P.Ya. Zel'dovich, T.I. Kuznetsova: Sov. Phys. Usp.15, 25 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. von der, Linde: Appl. Phys.2, 281 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Laubereau, W. Kaiser: Opto-Electron.6, 1 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  18. H.A. Haus: IEEE J. QE.-11, 736 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  19. W.H. Glenn: IEEE J. QE.-11, 8 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  20. M.S. Demokan:Mode-Locking in Solid-State and Semiconductor Lasers Research Studies Press, Chichester 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  21. C.P. Ausschnitt: IEEE J. QE.-13, 321 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  22. D.J. Bradley: InUltrahsort Light Pulses ed. by S.L. Shapiro, Topics Appl. Phys.18 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1977) p. 18

    Google Scholar 

  23. T.K. Lim, M.M. Denariez-Roberge: Appl. Phys.15, 439 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  24. G.H.C. New: Proc. IEEE67, 380 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. Herrmann, F. Weidner: Opt. Quant. Electron.11, 119 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. Herrmann, F. Weidner, B. Wilhelmi: Appl. Phys.20, 237 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  27. W. Rudolph, H. Weber: SPIE236, 337 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  28. K.P.J. Reddy: Appl. Phys.22, 213 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  29. C. Kolmeder, W. Zinth: Appl. Phys.24, 341 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  30. A. Leitner, M.E. Lippitsch, E. Roschger, F.R. Aussenegg: IEEE J. QE.-19, 562 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  31. B. Lü, W. Rudolph, H. Weber: Opt. Commun.53, 203 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. Penzkofer, F. Graf: Opt. Quant. Electron.17, 219 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  33. K.P. Komarov: Opt. Spectrosc. (USSR)60, 231 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Y.C. Yao, Z.G. Zhang: Appl. Phys. B40, 157 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  35. G.H.C. New: Opt. Commun.6, 188 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  36. G.H.C. New: IEEE J. QE.-10, 115 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  37. H.A. Haus: IEEE J. QE.-12, 169 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Z.A. Yasa, O. Teschke, L.W. Braverman: J. Appl. Phys.47, 174 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. Ram, K.P.J. Reddy: Opt. Commun.33, 323 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Herrmann, F. Weidner, B. Wilhelmi: Appl. Phys. B26, 197 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. Herrmann, F. Weidner: Appl. Phys. B27, 105 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  42. N.M. Narovlyanskaya, E.A. Tikhonov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.12, 38 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  43. G.H.C. New: Rep. Prog. Phys.46, 877 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  44. M.S. Stix, E.P. Ippen: IEEE J. QE.-19, 520 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  45. D. von der Linde: Appl. Phys. B19, 201 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  46. N.G. Basov, P.G. Kryukov, V.S. Letokhov, Yu.A. Matveets: Sov. Phys. JETP29, 830 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  47. L.W. Davis, Y.S. Lin: IEEE J. QE-9, 1135 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. Penzkofer: Opto-Electron6, 87 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  49. R.E. Eason, R.C. Greenhow, J.A.D. Matthew: IEEE J. QE-17, 95 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Ch.G. Christov, I.V. Tomov: Opt. Quant. Electron.18, 137 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  51. P.R. Hammond: IEEE J. QE.-11, 736 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  52. C.D. Decker: Appl. Phys. Lett.27, 607 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  53. D.J. Harter, M.L. Shand, Y.B. Band: J. Opt. Soc. Am.73, 1945 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  54. D.J. Harter, Y.B. Band: In:Ultrafast Phenomena IV, ed. by D.H. Auston and K.B. Eisenthal, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys. 38 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1984) p. 102

    Google Scholar 

  55. D.J. Harter, Y.B. Band, E.P. Ippen: IEEE J. QE.-21, 1819 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  56. W. Blau, H. Byrne, W.M. Dennis, J.M. Kelly: Opt. Commun.56, 25 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Y.B. Band, D.J. Harter, R. Bavli: Chem. Phys. lett.126, 280 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Y.B. Band, B. Scharf: Chem. Phys. Lett.127, 381 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  59. D.J. Harter, M.L. Shand, Y.B. Band: J. Appl. Phys.56, 865 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  60. R.W. Hellwarth: InLasers, Vol. 1, ed. by A.K. Levine (Dekker, New York 1966) p. 253

    Google Scholar 

  61. A. Yariv:Quantum Electronics, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  62. W. Koechner:Solid-State Laser Engineering, 2nd ed., Springer Ser. Opt. Sci.1 (Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  63. A. Penzkofer: Prog. Quant. Electron. (1987) (in press)

  64. C.V. Shank, E.P. Ippen: Appl. Phys. Lett.24, 373 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  65. M.C. Marconi, O.E. Martinez, F.P. Diodati: Opt. Commun.63, 211 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  66. D. Hull: Appl. Opt.5, 1342 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Y. LeDuff, P. Peretti, R. Dupeyral: Rev. Phys. Appl. (France)1, 117 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  68. T. Kurobori, N. Shoumura, N. Takeuchi: Opt. Commun.58, 409 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  69. S.S. Kolyago, V.N. Matrosov, E.V. Pestryakov, V.I. Tranov, Yu.L. Gusev, A.P. Shkadarevich: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.15, 1653 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  70. M. Tachikawa, K. Tanii, M. Kajita, T. Shimizu: Appl. Phys. B39, 83 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  71. J.Y. Tsao: Opt. Commun.60, 225 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  72. V.I. Bezrodnyi, E.A. Tikhonov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.16, 1642 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  73. P.P. Sorokin, J.J. Luzzi, J.R. Lankard, G.D. Pettit: IBM J. Res. Dev.8, 182 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  74. P. Kafalas, J.I. Masters, E.M.E. Murray: J. Appl. Phys.35, 2349 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  75. B.H. Soffer: J. Appl. Phys.35, 2551 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  76. D. Röss: Z. Naturforschg.20a, 696 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  77. M.L. Spaeth, W.R. Sooy: J. Chem. Phys.48, 2315 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  78. A. Szabo, L.E. Erickson: J. Appl. Phys.40, 3574 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  79. K. Yoshino, K. Kawabe, Y. Inushi: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.8, 1168 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  80. J.F. Giuliani: J. Appl. Phys.43, 1290 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  81. H. Fujiwara, A. Tomita: Opt. Commun.20, 29 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  82. H. Jelinkova, K. Hamal, A. Novotny: IEEE J. QE-12, 510 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  83. M. Vrbova: IEEE J. QE-14, 596 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  84. A. Szabo: J. Appl. Phys.49, 533 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  85. M. Gingras, F. Quellette, M.M. Denariez-Roberge: J. Appl. Phys.55, 3241 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  86. G. Bret, F. Gires: Appl. Phys. Lett.4, 175 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  87. R.C. Pastor, H. Kimura, B.H. Soffer: J. Appl. Phys.42, 3844 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  88. K.H. Drexhage, U.T. Müller-Westerhoff: IEEE J. QE-8, 759 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  89. K.H. Drexhage, G.A. Reynolds: Opt. Commun.10, 18 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  90. G.A. Reynolds, K.H. Drexhage: J. Appl. Phys.46, 4852 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  91. R.C. Greenhow, D.M. Goodall, R.W. Eason: Chem. Phys.83, 445 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Y. Chen, G.Z. Yang, S.J. Gu: Opt. Commun.63, 94 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  93. Yu.L. Gusev, A.V. Kirpichnikov, V.N. Lisitsyn, S.I. Marennikov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.11, 685 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  94. T.T. Basiev, Yu.K. Voron'ko, S.B. Mirov, V.V. Osiko, A.M. Prokhorov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.12, 530 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  95. V.A. Rusov, A.I. Stepanov, A.A. Tarasov: Sov. J. Quatn. Electron.12, 1371 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  96. A.M. Prokhorov: Sov. Phys. Usp.29, 3 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  97. O.R. Wood, S.E. Schwartz: Appl. Phys. Lett.11, 88 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  98. P.K. Cheo: InLasers, Vol. 3, ed. by A.K. Levine and A.J. DeMaria (Dekker, New York 1971) p. 111

    Google Scholar 

  99. T.Y. Chang, C.H. Wang, P.K. Cheo: Appl. Phys. Lett.15, 157 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  100. R.E. Jensen, M.S. Tobin: IEEE J. QE-6, 477 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  101. J.J. Wynne, F. Shimizu: IEEE J. QE-8, 676 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  102. F. Meyer-Bourbonneux, J. Dupré, C. Meyer: Can. J. Phys.54, 205 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  103. P. Glorieux, D. Dangoisse: IEEE J. QE-21, 1486 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  104. M. Tachikawa, K. Tanii, M. Kajita, T. Shimizu: Appl. Phys. B39, 83 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  105. M. Tachikawa, K. Tanii, T. Shimizu: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B4, 387 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  106. V.A. Kuz'menko: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.16, 1667 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  107. R.K. Ahrenkiel, J.F. Figueira, C.R. Phipps, Jr., D.J. Dunlavy, S.J. Thomas, A.J. Sievers: Appl. Phys. Lett.33, 705 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  108. L. Mandel, L. Wolf: Rev. Mod. Phys.37, 231 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  109. V.S. Letokhov: Sov. Phys. JETP28, 562 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  110. H.A. Haus: J. Appl. Phys.46, 3049 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  111. F. Graf, G. Pleininger, A. Penzkofer: Appl. Phys. B34, 123 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  112. A. Penzkofer, W. Kaiser: Appl. Phys. Lett.21, 547 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  113. A.N. Kirkin, A.M. Leontovich, A.M. Mozharovskii: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.8, 1489 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  114. O.P. Varnavsky, A.N. Kirkin, A.M. Leontovich, R.G. Mirzoyan, A.M. Mozharovskiî, I.I. Solomatin: Opt. Commun.45, 342 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  115. O.P. Varnaosky, A.N. Kirkin, A.M. Leontovich, R.F. Malikov, R.G. Mirzoyan, A.M. Mozharovskiî, E.D. Trifonov: Opt. Commun.46, 131 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  116. P.W. Smith, Y. Silberberg, D.A.B. Miller: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B2, 1228 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  117. M.A. Lewis, J.T. Knudson: Appl. Opt.21, 2897 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  118. C.H. Bristo Cruz, F. de Martini, P. Mataloni, E. Plange: IEEE J. QE-19, 573 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  119. L.S. Kornienko, N.V. Kravtsov, A.V. Kir'yanov, V.A. Sidorov, Yu.P. Yatsenko: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.17, 267 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  120. A.J. Duerinckx, H.A. Vanherzeele, J. van Eck, A.E. Siegman: IEEE J. QE-14, 983 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  121. M.D. Dawson, T.F. Boggess, A.L. Smirl: Opt. Lett.12, 254 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  122. D. Kühlke, U. Herpers, D. von der Linde: Appl. Phys. B38, 233 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  123. J.P. Laussade, A. Yariv: IEEE J. QE-5, 435 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  124. J.C. Comly, A. Yariv, E.M. Garmire: Appl. Phys. Lett.15, 148 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  125. H.A. Haus, Y. Silberberg: IEEE J. QE-22, 325 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  126. L. Dahlström: Opt. Commun.5, 157 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  127. J. Comly, E. Garmire, J.P. Laussade, A. Yariv: Appl. Phys. Lett.13, 176 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  128. L. Dahlström: Opt. Commun.4, 214 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  129. L.E. Dahlström: IEEE J. QE-13, 317 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  130. D.J. Bradley, G.H.C. New, S.J. Caughey: Opt. Commun.2, 41 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  131. L. Horowitz, P. Papanestor, D.F. Heller: Proc. Int'l. Conf. on Lasers '83, San Francisco, CA (1983) p. 170

  132. H. Vanherzeele, J.L. van Eck, A.E. Siegman: Appl. Opt.20, 3484 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  133. V.I. Prokhonenko, E.A. Tikhonov, D.Ya. Yatskiv, E.N. Bushmakin: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.17, 505 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  134. K.P. Komarov, A.S. Kuch'yanov, V.D. Ugozhayev: Opt. Commun.57, 279 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  135. P. Heinz, W. Kriegleder, A. Laubereau: Appl. Phys. A43, 209 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  136. A. Piskarskas et al.: Sov. J. Quant. Electron. (to be published)

  137. A.J. De Maria, W.H. Glenn Jr., M.J. Brienza, M.E. Mack: Proc. IEEE57, 2 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  138. M.A. Duguay, J.W. Hansen, S.L. Shapiro: IEEE J. QE-6, 725 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  139. G.R. Fleming, I.R. Harrowfield, A.E.W. Knight, J.M. Morris, R.J. Robbins, G.W. Robinson: Opt. Commun.20, 36 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  140. J.R. Taylor, W. Sibbett, A.J. Cormier: Appl. Phys. Lett.31, 184 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  141. L.A. Lombre, G. Mainfray, J. Thebault: J. Appl. Phys.48, 1570 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  142. P.Y. Lu, P.P. Ho, R.R. Alfano: IEEE J. QE-15, 406 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  143. G. Dikchyus, E. Zhilinskas, A. Piskarskas, V. Sirutkaîtis: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.9, 950 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  144. T.R. Royt: Opt. Commun.35, 271 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  145. L.S. Goldberg, P.E. Schoen, M.J. Marrone: Appl. Opt.21, 1474 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  146. B. Bareîka, A. Piskarskas, V. Sinkyavichyus, V. Sirutkaîtis: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.14, 407 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  147. A. Varanavichyus, R. Grigonis, R. Danelyus, A. Piskarskas, D. Podenas: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.16, 1582 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  148. G.C. Reali: Opt. Commun.35, 264 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  149. J. Sauteret, M. Novaro: Opt. Commun.32, 169 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  150. A.N. Zherikhin, V.A. Kovalenko, P.G. Kryukov, Yu.A. Matveets, S.V. Chekalin, O.B. Shatberashvili: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.4, 210 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  151. V.I. Bezrodnyî, E.A. Tikonov, N.Yu. Nedbaev: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.16, 796 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  152. M.E. Mack: IEEE J. QE-4, 1016 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  153. R. Cubedu, R. Polloni, C.A. Sacchi, O. Svelto: IEEE J. QE-5, 470 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  154. R. Polloni: IEEE J. QE-8, 428 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  155. M.W. McGeoch: Opt. Commun.7, 116 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  156. T. Okada, M. Migita, N. Mataga, Y. Sakata, S. Misumi: J. Am. Chem. Soc.103, 4715 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  157. H. Tashiro, J. Schulz-Hennig, A. Müller: Opt. Commun.27, 442 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  158. P. Sperber, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Commun.54, 160 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  159. V.N. Lisitsyn, V.N. Matrosov, V.P. Orekhova, E.V. Pestryakov, B.K. Sevast'yanov, V.I. Trunov, V.N. Zenin, Yu.L. Remigaîlo: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.12, 368 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  160. M.I. Demchuk, A.K. Gilev, A.M. Zubaznov, V.P. Mikhailov, A.A. Stavrov, A.P. Shkadarevich: Opt. Commun.55, 207 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  161. R.S. Taylor, B.K. Garside, E.A. Bullik: IEEE J. QE-14, 532 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  162. P.E. Dyer, D.J. James: Appl. Phys. Lett.26, 331 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  163. G. Fox, S.E. Schwarz, P.W. Smith: Appl. Phys. Lett.12, 371 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  164. P.K. Runge: Opt. Commun.5, 311 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  165. G. Brederlow, E. Fill, K.J. Witte:The High-Power Iodine Laser, Springer Ser. Opt. Sci.34 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  166. D. Beaupere, J.C. Farcy: Opt. Commun.27, 410 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  167. H.J. Polland, T. Elsaesser, A. Seilmeier, W. Kaiser, M. Kussler, N.J. Marx, B. Sens, K.H. Drexhage: Appl. Phys. B32, 53 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  168. W. Dietel, E. Döpel, D. Kühlke: Opt. Commun.35, 445 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  169. C. Kolmeder, W. Zinth: Appl. Phys.24, 341 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  170. A.V. Konyashchenko, I.V. Kryukov, P.G. Kryukov, A.V. Sharkov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.17, 511 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  171. L.S. Kornienko, N.V. Kravtsov, V.A. Sidorov, Yu.P. Yatsenko: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.13, 943 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  172. L.S. Kornienko, N.V. Kravtsov, V.A. Sidorov, A.M. Susov, Yu.P. Yatsenko: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.15, 1566 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  173. R.C. Eckardt, C.H. Lee, J.N. Bradford: Opto-Electron.6, 67 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  174. D. von der Linde, A.M. Malvezzi: Appl. Phys. B37, 1 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  175. T. Tomie: Jap. J. Appl. Phys.24, 1008 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  176. J. Schmidt, F. Reil, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Commun.38, 427 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  177. D.F. Voss, L.S. Goldberg: Opt. Lett.11, 210 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  178. E.B. Treacy: Phys. Lett. A28, 34 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  179. A. Laubereau, D. von der Linde: Z. Naturf.23A, 1626 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  180. M.I. Demchuk, V.P. Mikailov, A.F. Chernyavskii: Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Ser. (USA)48, 167 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  181. V.A. Babenko, G.G. Dyadyuska, M.A. Kudinova, V.I. Malyshev, Yu.L. Slominskii, A.A. Sychev, A.I. Tolmachev: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.10, 1035 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  182. B.F. Bareika, R.V. Danelyus, G.A. Dikchyus, G.G. Dyadyusha, A.A. Ishchenko, M.A. Kudinova, A.S. Piskarskas, V.A. Sirutkaîtis, A.I. Tolmachev: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.12, 1485 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  183. R.A. Gadonas, V.V. Bryukvin, V.V. Krasauskas, E.E. Penzina, A.S. Piskarskas, L.M. Sobolev: Opt. Spectrosc.58, 581 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  184. M.I. Demchuk, E.V. Zharikov, A.M. Zabaznov, I.A. Manichev, V.P. Mikhîlov, A.M. Prokhorov, A.P. Shkadarevich, A.F. Chernyakoskiî, I.A. Shcherbakov, K.V. Yumashev: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.17, 266 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  185. W.H. Lowdermilk: InLaser Handbook, Vol. 3, ed. by M.L. Stitch (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979) p. 361

    Google Scholar 

  186. D.E. McCumber, M.D. Sturge: J. Appl. Phys.34, 1682 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  187. M.A. Duguay, J.W. Hansen: Opt. Commun.1, 254 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  188. W. Blau, R. Reber, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Commun.43, 210 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  189. D.N. Dempster, T. Morrow, R. Rankin, G.F. Thompson: Chem. Phys. Lett.22, 222 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  190. E.G. Arthurs, D.J. Bradley, P.N. Puntambekar, I.S. Ruddock: Opt. Commun.12, 360 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  191. T. Kushida: Phys. Rev.185, 500 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  192. A.V. Babushkin, N.S. Vorob'ev, E.V. Zharikov, S.P. Kalitin, V.V. Osiko, A.N. Prokhorov, Yu.N. Serdyuchenko, M.Ya. Shchelev, I.A. Shcherbakov: Sov. Quant. Electron.16, 428 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  193. D. von der Linde, K.F. Rodgers: IEEE J. QE-9, 960 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  194. B. Kopainsky, W. Kaiser, K.H. Drexhage: Opt. Commun.32, 451 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  195. F. Graf, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Quant. Electron.17, 53 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  196. J. Kuhl, J.P. Heppner: IEEE J. QE-22, 182 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  197. B. Fan, T.K. Gustafson: Opt. Commun.15, 32 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  198. B. Bareika, R. Gadonas, R. Danelyus, V. Sirutkaîtis: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.11, 396 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  199. R.W. Eason, R.C. Greenhow, J.A.D. Matthews: IEEE J. QE-17, 95 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  200. W. Blau, W. Dankesreiter, A. Penzkofer: Chem. Phys.85, 473 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  201. A. Penzkofer, P. Sperber: Chem. Phys.88, 309 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  202. J.C. Walling, O.G. Peterson, H.P. Jenssen, R.C. Morris, E.W. O'Dell: IEEE J. QE-18, 1302 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  203. E.V. Pestryakov, V.I. Trunov, V.N. Matrosov, V.N. Razvalyaev: Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Ser. (USA)48, 94 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  204. M.I. Demchuk, V.P. Mikhailov, A.F. Chernyavskii: Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Ser. (USA)48, 167 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  205. R.L. Fork, B.I. Greene, C.V. Shank: Appl. Phys. Lett.38, 671 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  206. N. Langford, K. Smith, W. Sibbett: Opt. Lett.12, 903 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  207. C.V. Shank, E.P. Ippen: InDye Lasers, 2nd ed., ed. by F.P. Schäfer Topics Appl. Phys.1 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1977) p. 121

    Google Scholar 

  208. W. Schmidt, F.P. Schäfer: Phys. Lett.26A, 558 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  209. E.G. Arthurs, D.J. Bradley, A.G. Roddie: Appl. Phys. Lett.20, 125 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  210. R. Wallenstein: InLaser Handbook, Vol. 3, ed. by M.L. Stitch (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979) p. 289

    Google Scholar 

  211. G.R. Fleming:Chemical Applications of Ultrafast Spectroscopy (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 1986)

    Google Scholar 

  212. M. Maeda:Laser Dyes (Academic, Tokyo (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  213. U. Brackmann:Lambdachrome Laser Dyes (Lamda Physik, Göttingen 1986)

    Google Scholar 

  214. N.N. Narovlyanskaya, E.A. Tikhonov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.12, 38 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  215. H. Ansari, A. Dienes, J.R. Whinnery: Opt. Lett.10, 19 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  216. E.P. Ippen, C.V. Shank, A. Dienes: Appl. Phys. Lett.21, 348 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  217. C.V. Shank, E.P. Ippen: Appl. Phys. Lett.24, 373 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  218. I.S. Ruddock, D.J. Bradley: Appl. Phys. Lett.29, 296 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  219. P.M.W. French, J.R. Taylor: Opt. Lett.11, 297 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  220. E.P. Ippen, C.V. Shank: Appl. Phys. Lett.27, 488 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  221. M.D. Dawson, T.F. Boggess, D.W. Gravey, A.L. Smirl: Opt. Commun.60, 79 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  222. W. Bäumler, A. Penzkofer: To be published

  223. J.C. Diels, N. Jamasbi, L. Sarger: InUltrafast Phenomena V, ed. by G.R. Fleming and A.E. Siegman, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys.46 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986) p. 2

    Google Scholar 

  224. G.R. Jacobovitz, C.H. Brito Cruz, M.A. Scarparo: Opt. Commun.57, 133 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  225. R.L. Fork, C.V. Shank, R. Yen, C.A. Hirlimann: IEEE J. QE-19, 500 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  226. W. Dietel, J.J. Fontaine, J.C. Diels: Opt. Lett.8, 4 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  227. D. Kühlke, W. Rudolph, B. Wilhelmi: IEEE J. QE-19, 526 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  228. S. de Silvestri, P. Laporta, O. Svelto: IEEE J. QE-20, 533 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  229. W. Dietel, E. Döpel, K. Hehl, W. Rudolph, E. Schmidt: Opt. Commun.50, 179 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  230. P. Laporta, V. Magni: Appl. Opt.24, 2014 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  231. O.E. Martinez, R.L. Fork, J.P. Gordon: Opt. Lett.9, 156 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  232. J.C. Diels, W. Dietel, J.J. Fontaine, W. Rudolph, B. Wilhelmi: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B2, 68 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  233. Y. Ishida, K. Naganuma, T. Yajima: IEEE J. QE-21, 69 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  234. B. Wilhelmi, W. Rudolph, E. Döpel, W. Dietel: Optica Acta32, 1175 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  235. J.J. Fontaine, W. Dietel, J.C. Diels: IEEE J. QE-19, 1467 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  236. W. Dietel, E. Döpel, D. Kühlke, B. Wilhelmi: Opt. Commun.43, 433 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  237. R.L. Fork, O.E. Martinez, J.P. Gordon: Opt. Lett.9, 150 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  238. F. Salin, A. Brun: J. Appl. Phys.61, 4736 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  239. J.P. Heppner, J. Kuhl: Appl. Phys. Lett.47, 453 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  240. J.A. Valdmanis, R.L. Fork, J.P. Gordon: Opt. Lett.10, 131 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  241. J.A. Valdmanis, R.L. Fork: IEEE J. QE-22, 112 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  242. B. Nikolaus, D. Grischkowsky: Appl. Phys. Lett.43, 228 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  243. W.H. Knox, R.L. Fork, M.C. Downer, R.H. Stolen, C.V. Shank, J.A. Valdmanis: Appl. Phys. Lett.46, 1120 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  244. J.G. Fujimoto, A.M. Weiner, E.P. Ippen: Appl. Phys. Lett.44, 832 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  245. R.L. Fork, C.H. Brito Cruz, P.C. Becker, C.V. Shank: Opt. Lett.12, 483 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  246. Z.A. Yasa, A. Dienes, J.R. Whinnery: Appl. Phys. Lett.30, 24 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  247. K.K. Li, G. Arjavalingam, A. Dienes, J.R. Whinnery: IEEE J. QE-19, 539 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  248. P.M.W. French, J.R. Taylor: V. Int. Symposium of Ultrafast Phenomena in Spectroscopy, Vilnius, USSR (1987)

  249. P.M.W. French, M.D. Dawson, J.R. Taylor: Opt. Commun.56, 430 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  250. Yu.A. Matveets, V.A. Semchishen: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.9, 503 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  251. I.S. Ruddock: Appl. Opt.18, 3212 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  252. A. Watanable, H. Tahemura, S. Tanaka, H. Kobayashi, M. Hara: IEEE J. QE-19, 533 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  253. P.M.W. French, J.R. Taylor: Opt. Commun.58, 53 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  254. P.M.W. French, J.R. Taylor: IEEE J. QE-22, 1162 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  255. P.M.W. French, J.R. Taylor: InUltrafast Phenomena V, ed. by G.R. Fleming and A.E. Siegman, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys.46 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986) p. 11

    Google Scholar 

  256. K. Smith, N. Langford, W. Sibbett, J.R. Taylor: Opt. Lett.10, 559 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  257. Y. Ishida, K. Naganuma, T. Yajima: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.21, L 312 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  258. M.D. Dawson, T.F. Boggess, A.L. Smirl: Opt. Lett.12, 254 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  259. T. Norris, T. Sizer II, G. Mourou: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B2, 613 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  260. H. Vanherzeele, R. Torti, J.C. Diels: Appl. Opt.23, 4182 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  261. M.C. Nuss, R. Leonhardt, W. Zinth: Opt. Lett.10, 16 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  262. G.A. Mourou, T. Sizer II: Opt. Commun.41, 47 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  263. M.D. Dawson, T.F. Boggess, D.W. Garvey, A.L. Smirl: IEEE J. QE-23, 290 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  264. M.D. Dawson, T.F. Boggess, A.L. Smirl: Opt. Lett.12, 254 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  265. Y. Aoyagi, Y. Segawa, M. Inami, S. Namba: Opt. Commun.52, 425 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  266. G.W. Fehrenbach, K.J. Gruntz, R.G. Ulbrich: Appl. Phys. Lett.33, 159 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  267. J. Dobler, H.H. Schultz, W. Zinth: Opt. Commun.57, 407 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  268. M.D. Dawson, T.F. Boggess, A.L. Smirl: Opt. Lett.12, 590 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  269. E.P. Ippen, D.J. Eilenberger, R.W. Dixon: Appl. Phys. Lett.37, 267 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  270. P.P. Vasil'ev, V.N. Morozov, Y.M. Popov, A.B. Sergeev: IEEE J. QE-22, 149 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  271. Y. Silberberg, P.W. Smith: IEEE J. QE-22, 759 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  272. J.J. Ewing: InLaser Handbook, Vol. 3, ed. by M.L. Stitch (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1979) Chap. A4

    Google Scholar 

  273. S. Watanabe, M. Watanabe, A. Endoh: Appl. Phys. Lett.43, 533 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  274. T. Efthimiopoulos, J. Banic, B.P. Stoicheff: Can. J. Phys.57, 1437 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  275. W.H. Knox, M.C. Downer, R.L. Fork, C.V. Shank: Opt. Lett.9, 552 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  276. E.M. Vernigor, M.S. Dzhidzhoev, V.M. Mizin, V.T. Platonenko, V.K. Popov, V.K. Shalaev: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.16, 434 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  277. R.S. Taylor, S. Mihailov: Appl. Phys. B38, 131 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  278. J. Sapriel:Acousto-Optics (Wiley, Chichester 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  279. G.F. Albrecht, L. Lund, D. Smith: Appl. Opt.22, 1276 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  280. A.E. Siegman, D.J. Kuizenga: Opto-Electron.6, 43 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  281. M.A. Lewis, J.T. Knudtson: Appl. Opt.21, 2897 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  282. H.P. Kortz: IEEE J. QE-19, 578 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  283. D. von der Linde, N. Fabricius, M. Kuchartz: CLEO '86, San Francisco, CA, Digest, p. 178

  284. M. Glotz, H.J. Eichler: J. Phys. E20, 1493 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  285. S. Kishida, T. Yamane: Opt. Commun.18, 19 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  286. I.V. Tomov, R. Fedosejevs, M.C. Richardson: Opt. Commun.21, 327 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  287. I.V. Tomov: Rev. Sci. Instrum.50, 9 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  288. W. Seka, J. Bunkenburg: J. Appl. Phys.49, 2277 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  289. L.S. Goldberg, P.E. Schoen: IEEE J. QE-20, 628 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  290. G.V. Krivoshchekov, N.G. Nikulin, V.A. Smirnov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.5, 1096 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  291. Y.C. Yao, Z.G. Zhang: Appl. Phys. B40, 157 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  292. C.H. Brito Cruz, F. De Martini, P. Mataloni, E. Plange: IEEE J. QE-19, 573 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  293. W. Krause, F. Völker, H. Weber: Proc. ESA on Space Laser Applications and Technology, Les Diablerets (1984) p. P161

  294. L.S. Kornienko, T.V. Klykova, N.V. Kravtsov, V.A. Sidorov, A.M. Susov, Yu.P. Yatsenko: Sov. J. QE-16, 1637 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  295. L.S. Kornienko, N.V. Kravtsov, A.V. Kir'yanov, V.A. Sidorov, Yu.P. Yatsenko: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.17, 267 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  296. P.B. Corkum: IEEE J. QE-21, 216 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  297. S.A. Jamison, A.V. Nurmikko: Appl. Phys. Lett.33, 598 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  298. Y. Ishida, T. Yajima, K. Naganuma: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.19, L717 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  299. J.P. Ryan, L.S. Goldberg, D.J. Bradley: Opt. Commun.27, 127 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  300. B. Couillaud, V. Fossati-Bellani, G. Mitchell: SPIE533, 46 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  301. V.A. Nekhaenko, S.M. Pershin, A.A. Podshivalov: Sov. J. Quant. Electron.16, 299 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  302. P.G. May, W. Sibbett, J.R. Taylor: Appl. Phys. B26, 179 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  303. D.P. Millar, A.H. Zewail: Chem. Phys.72, 381 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  304. T. Sizer, J.D. Kafka, I.N. Duling, C.W. Gabel, G.A. Mourou: IEEE J. QE-19, 506 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  305. I.N. Duling, T. Norris, T. Sizer, P. Bado, G. Mourou: J. Opt. Soc. Am. B2, 616 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  306. R.L. Fork, C.V. Shank, R.T. Yen: App. Phys. Lett.41, 223 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  307. Y. Ishida, A. Nakamura, K. Naganuma, T. Yajima: Opt. Commun.39, 411 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  308. A. Migus, C.V. Shank, E.P. Ippen, R.L. Fork: IEEE J. QE-18, 101 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  309. S.R. Rotman, C. Roxlo, D. Bebelaar, T.K. Yee, M.M. Salour: Appl. Phys. B28, 319 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  310. D.B. McDonald, C.D. Jonah: Rev. Sci. Instr.55, 1166 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  311. S. Lavi, G. Bialolanker, M. Amit, D. Belker, G. Erez, E. Miron: Opt. Commun.60, 309 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  312. J.H. Glownia, G. Arjavalingham, P.P. Sorokin, J.E. Rothenberg: Opt. Lett.11, 79 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  313. A.P. Schwarzenbach, T.S. Luk, I.A. McIntyre, U. Johann, A. McPherson, K. Boyer, C.K. Rhodes: Opt. Lett.11, 449 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  314. S. Szatmári, F.P. Schäfer, E. Müller-Horsche, W. Mückenheim: Opt. Commun.63, 305 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  315. M.C. Downer, R.L. Fork, M. Islam: InUltrafast Phenomena IV, ed. by D.H. Auston and K.B. Eisenthal, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys.38, (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1984) p. 27

    Google Scholar 

  316. Y. Ishida, T. Yajima: Opt. Commun.58, 355 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  317. G. Angel, R. Gagel, A. Laubereau: Opt. Commun.63, 259 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  318. Y. Taira, T. Yajima: Opt. Commun.29, 115 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  319. E. Lill, S. Schneider, F. Dörr: Opt. Commun.22 107 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  320. S. Schneider, E. Lill, F. Dörr: InPicosecond Phenomena, ed. by C.V. Shank, E.P. Ippen, S.L. Shapiro, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys.4 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1978) p. 23

    Google Scholar 

  321. D. Auston: Appl. Phys. Lett.26, 101 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  322. G. Reksten, T. Varghese, W. Margulis: Appl. Phys. Lett.38, 513 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  323. E.O. Göbel, J. Kuhl, G. Veith: J. Appl. Phys.56, 862 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  324. T. Kurobori, Y. Cho, Y. Matsuo: Opt. Commun.24, 41 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  325. M.D.J. Burgess, R. Fedosejevs, P.A. Jaanimagi, M.C. Richardson: IEEE J. QE-17, 496 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  326. M. Watanabe, S. Watanabe, A. Endoh: Opt. Lett.2, 638 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  327. K. Sala, M.C. Richardson: J. Appl. Phys.49, 2268 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  328. L.F. Mollenhauer, R.H. Stolen: Opt. Lett.9, 13 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  329. F.M. Mitschke, L.F. Mollenhauer: InUltrafast Phenomena V, ed. by G.R. Fleming and A.E. Siegman, Springer Ser. Chem. Phys.46 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1986) p. 58

    Google Scholar 

  330. G.H.C. New: IEEE J. QE-14, 642 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  331. H. Schillinger, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Commun. (to be published)

  332. J. Wiedmann, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Commun.25, 226 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  333. S. Szatmári, B. Rácz: Opt. Quant. Electron.19, 20 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  334. A. Penzkofer, D. von der Linde, A. Laubereau, W. Kaiser: Appl. Phys. Lett.20, 351 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  335. A. Penzkofer, F. Härtinger, J. Wiedmann: Appl. Phys. B26, 239 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  336. F. Graf, J. Schmidt, A. Penzkofer: Opt. Commun.54, 176 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  337. J. Choi, M.J. Topp: J. Opt. Am.71, 520 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  338. B.P. Boczar, M.R. Topp: Appl. Opt.22, 1611 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  339. W. Krause: Opt. Commun.48, 47 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  340. T. Varghese: Appl. Phys. Lett.41, 684 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  341. Y.S. Huo, J. Glinsky, X.J. Gu, R.F. Code: Opt. Commun.51, 181 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  342. Ch.G. Christov, I.V. Tomov, I.V. Chaltakov, V.L. Lyutskanov: Opt. Commun.52, 211 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  343. Z.A. Yasa: J. Appl. Phys.46, 4895 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  344. Z.A. Yasa, O. Teschke: Appl. Phys. Lett.27, 446 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  345. H. Mahr: IEEE J. QE-12, 554 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  346. E.P. Ippen, C.V. Shank, A. Dienes: Appl. Phys. Lett.21, 348 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  347. F. O'Neill: Opt. Commun.6, 360 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Physik, Universität, D-8400, Regensburg, Fed. Rep. Germany

    A. Penzkofer

Authors
  1. A. Penzkofer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Penzkofer, A. Passive Q-switching and mode-locking for the generation of nanosecond to femtosecond pulses. Appl. Phys. B 46, 43–60 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00698653

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00698653

PACS

Search

Navigation