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Signal transduction pathways involving the raf proto-oncogene

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Abstract

The raf genes encode for a family of cytoplasmic proteins (A-raf, B-raf and c-raf-1) with associated serine/threonine kinase activities. Raf-1 is an important mediator of signals involving cell growth, transformation and differentiation. It is activated in response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli such as insulin, nerve growth factor (NGF), platelet derived-growth factor (PDGF), and in response to expression of oncogenes, v-src and v-ras, in a cell-specific manner. Recently, the first physiological substrate for Raf-1 protein kinase was identified. Raf-1 was found to phosphorylate and activate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK), an activator of MAP kinase, thus linking the Raf-1 signaling pathway with that of MAP kinase. Cell specific differences in signalling pathways involving Raf-1 and MAP kinase have also been discovered. Accumulating evidence indicates that membrane tyrosine kinases, ras, Raf-1, MEK and MAP kinase are interconnected via a complex network rather than via a linear pathway involving multiple substrates and feedback loops.

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  1. Departments of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Nidhi Gupta Williams

  2. Departments of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Nidhi Gupta Williams & Thomas M. Roberts

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Williams, N.G., Roberts, T.M. Signal transduction pathways involving the raf proto-oncogene. Cancer Metast Rev 13, 105–116 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00690421

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